Report of Inspection of MKULTRA

FULL TEXT

26 July 1963

MEMORANDUM FOR: Director of Central Intelligence

SUBJECT : Report of Inspection of MKULTRA

1. In connection with our survey of Technical Services Division, DD/P, it was deemed advisable to prepare the report of the MKULTRA program in one copy only, in view of its unusual sensitivity.

2. This report is forwarded herewith.

3. The MKULTRA activity is concerned with the research and development of chemical, biological, and radiological materials capable of employment in clandestine operations to control human behavior. The end products of such research are subject to very strict controls including a requirement for the personal approval of the Deputy Director/Plans for any operational use made of these end products.

4. The cryptonym MKULTRA encompasses the R&D phase and a second cryptonym MKDELTA(2) denotes the DD/P system for control of the operational employment of such materials. The provisions of the MKULTRA authority also cover [redacted] [redacted] The administration and control of this latter activity were found to be generally satisfactory and are discussed in greater detail in the main body of the report on TSD.

[marginal bracket]

5. MKULTRA was authorized by the then Director of Central Intelligence, Mr. Allen W. Dulles, in 1953. The TSD was assigned responsibility thereby to employ a portion of its R&D budget, eventually set at 20%, for research in behavioral materials and [redacted] under purely internal and compartmented controls, (further details are provided in paragraph 3 of the attached report). Normal procedures for project approval, funding, and accounting were waived. However, special arrangements for audit of expenditures have been evolved in subsequent years.

Ser A cy 2 of 6

TS 185209/1 Copy 1 of 1

Textual notes on this leaf (7)

Ser A cy 2 of 6

Handwritten notation at the lower right, partly over the typed 'TS 185209/1'. Read as 'Ser A cy 2 of 6' (series A, copy 2 of 6?); the first word could equally be a signature flourish, and '2' and '6' are read from a cursive hand. CONFIRM.

[illegible] faint boxed stamp

A faint dotted-outline rectangle with a few illegible strokes sits above 'MEMORANDUM FOR:' at the left, beneath the classification stamp. It is an inked impression too faint to read at 300 dpi; recorded as a stamp, not transcribed. CONFIRM whether any text is recoverable from the 1977-era copy (DOC_0000017748 p1).

also cover [redacted] [redacted] The administration

Boxes 2 and 3 form one withheld passage running from the end of line 4 into line 5 of para 4. The full stop that should close the withheld sentence is under the box; none is visible. To the LEFT of box 3, at the start of line 5, a short smear of whited-out typing shows as faint broken strokes - the trace of text, not readable, and not read. The marginal citations print twice, once per line: the upper pair reads '(b)(1)' over a SECOND citation whose top is clipped by the black band and whose visible remainder reads as '(h)(3)' - recorded as printed '(b)(3)' on the presumption it is the same citation as the pair below; the lower pair reads '(b)(1)' '(b)(3)' cleanly. CONFIRM the clipped citation.

materials.

The full stop after 'materials' at the end of para 4 line 3 prints hard against the right margin; a stray mark beside it. Read as a plain full stop. CONFIRM.

compartmented controls, (further details

A comma precedes the opening parenthesis. The document's own punctuation. PRESERVED.

TOP SECRET / SECRET

At head and foot the 'TOP SECRET' stamp is struck through by hand with a single diagonal stroke and 'SECRET' is stamped beneath it - the downgrade recorded on the page. Recorded as stamps, not body text.

stray mark lower left

A small handwritten mark resembling an opening parenthesis and a dot sits in the lower left margin. Not text; not transcribed.

6. The scope of MKULTRA is comprehensive and ranges from the search for and procurement of botanical and chemical substances, through programs for their analysis in scientific laboratories, to progressive testing for effect on animals and human beings. The testing on individuals begins under laboratory conditions employing every safeguard and progresses gradually to more and more realistic operational simulations. The program requires and obtains the services of a number of highly specialized authorities in many fields of the natural sciences.

7. The concepts involved in manipulating human behavior are found by many people both within and outside the Agency to be distasteful and unethical(1). There is considerable evidence that opposition intelligence services are active and highly proficient in this field. The experience of TSD to date indicates that both the research and the employment of the materials are expensive and often unpredictable in results. Nevertheless, there have been major accomplishments both in research and operational employment.

8. The principal conclusions of the inspection are that the structure and operational controls over this activity need strengthening; improvements are needed in the administration of the research projects; and some of the testing of substances under simulated operational conditions was judged to involve excessive risk to the Agency.

9. Attached for the signature of the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence is a memorandum transmitting the report to the Deputy Director/Plans requesting a summary of action taken or comments on the recommendations contained therein.

[signed] J. S. Earman(2) J. S. Earman Inspector General

Attachments - as stated

- 2 -

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

signature

The ink signature reads 'J. S. Earman', written over the typed name so that the typed 'S.' is partly covered. Recorded as a signature block, not transcribed as body text.

ink streaks beneath the signature

A run of dark vertical streaks and blots falls from the signature down the right-centre of the leaf to the foot - ink bleed or a reproduction defect, not text.

6.

The paragraph number '6.' prints with a stray mark against its left side and a raised dot after it; read as '6.' CONFIRM.

TS-185209 cy 2 See D

REPORT OF INSPECTION OF MKULTRA/TSD

I. Introduction

1. Technical Services Division (TSD), (then Technical Support Staff), received authorization from the then Director of Central Intelligence, Mr. Allen W. Dulles, on 3 April 1953 to develop and maintain continuing operational capabilities in the fields of a) [redacted] [redacted] and b) chemical and biological materials capable of producing human behavioral and physiological changes, (see Tab A). The cryptonym MKULTRA was assigned to encompass TSD's research, development and equipment activities in these two fields. The cryptonym MKDELTA had already been assigned by DD/P Notice No. 220-1 on 20 October 1952 (since revised - see Tab B) as the indicator covering DD/P policy and procedure for the use of biochemicals in clandestine operations.

2. The MKULTRA charter provides only a brief presentation of the rationale of the authorized activities. The sensitive aspects of the program as it has evolved over the ensuing ten years are the following:

a. Research in the manipulation of human behavior is considered by many authorities in medicine and related fields

Declassification Review E.O. 12065 Conducted on 17 June 1981 Derivative Classification by 531025 Review 17 June 2001 Derived from C9c.2; C9e Downgraded [redacted] 61140

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

TS-185209 / cy 2 See D

Handwritten top right in a broad ink hand. Line 1 reads 'TS-185209' (the serial typed on the cover memorandum as 'TS 185209/1'). Line 2 reads 'cy 2 See D'; the first word could be 'dy' as formed, and the third could be 'Ser' (compare 'Ser A' on src 5) rather than 'See'. CONFIRM.

in the fields of a) [redacted] [redacted] and

Two boxes: the first closes line 4 after 'a)', the second fills line 5 up to 'and'. A hand-drawn closing bracket ']' sits between box 2 and 'and'. Beneath the left end of box 1 a small trace of whited-out typing shows; not read. The marginal citations print as two pairs, '(b)(1)' '(b)(3)' beside each line.

(TSD), (then Technical Support Staff),

A comma follows the closing parenthesis before the second opening parenthesis. The document's own punctuation. PRESERVED.

changes, (see Tab A).

Comma before the parenthesis, full stop after it. The document's own punctuation. PRESERVED.

Derivative Classification by 531025

The six-digit code reads '531025' at 300 dpi; the fourth figure could be an O or a badly struck 0 and the first a 5 or 6. CONFIRM.

Derived from C9c.2; C9e

Read as 'C9c.2; C9e'. The letterforms are a small typewriter face and the initial characters could be 'C9' or 'G9'. CONFIRM.

Downgraded [redacted] 61140

A white box follows 'Downgraded', with '(b)(3)' printed in the far right margin on the same line; '61140' follows the box. CONFIRM the figures.

no page number

This first leaf of the report carries no typed page number; the following leaves are numbered '- 2 -' onward. 'printed' is null.

to be professionally unethical, therefore the reputations of professional participants in the MKULTRA program are on occasion in jeopardy.

b. Some MKULTRA activities raise questions of legality(1) implicit in the original charter.

[marginal brackets]

c. A final phase of the testing of MKULTRA products places the rights and interests of U. S. citizens in jeopardy.

d. Public disclosure of some aspects of MKULTRA activity could induce serious adverse reaction in U. S. public opinion, as well as stimulate offensive and defensive action in this field on the part of foreign intelligence services.

3. In recognition of the sensitivity of MKULTRA, TSD was authorized exclusive control of the administration, records, and financial accountings of the program. Simple statements of certification(2) were all that were required of TSD to obtain advances of funds from Finance Division. The DCI's memorandum also exempted MKULTRA from audit, but this provision was modified to permit limited audit before the end of the first year. Funding of MKULTRA was eventually stabilized at 20 percent of TSD's annual research and development budget. It has fallen in the neighborhood of [redacted] per year over the ten-year history of the program, of which about 30 percent has been allocated to

[marginal bracket]

- 2 -

Textual notes on this leaf (2)

U. S. citizens / U. S. public opinion

'U. S.' is typed with a space between the initials, both times on this leaf. The document's own spacing. PRESERVED.

in the neighborhood of [redacted] per year

One white box covers the annual figure; '(b)(3)' alone is printed in the margin beside it, and the closing parenthesis of the citation is clipped by the black band. Recorded as printed.

support of the [redacted] cf. Tab C(1) for MKULTRA funding record FY 60-63.

4. The inspection of TSD activities in the field of [redacted] [redacted] while chartered under MKULTRA is discussed for reasons noted below in the section of the Inspector General's Survey dealing with the [redacted] of TSD, cf. discussions beginning with paragraphs [redacted] The security considerations applying to [redacted] were found to be significantly different from those governing manipulation of human behavior. a) Many [redacted] external projects in support of the [redacted] [redacted] are being funded and managed securely outside the MKULTRA mechanism. b) Chief, Support, TSD, believes that it may also be possible in the future to fund [redacted] MKULTRA projects by secure methods more compatible with DD/S responsibilities. c) The very nature of the [redacted] requires that a high percentage of its staff contribute and be witting of each operation. [redacted] security practices are tight and the Inspector General's survey recommends further refinements in security procedures.

5. The inspection of MKULTRA projects in biochemical controls of human behavior raised questions in the following area of policy and management which are dealt with in the balance of this report:

- 3 -

Textual notes on this leaf (7)

support of the [redacted] cf. Tab C

The leaf opens mid-sentence (continuing 'of which about 30 percent has been allocated to' from src 8). A hand-drawn slash precedes 'support' - the closing mark of the bracketed passage opened on src 8. No punctuation is visible between the box and 'cf.'; any full stop sits under the box.

beginning with paragraphs [redacted] The security

Box 5 runs to the right margin; the sentence's closing punctuation is under it. Beside this box the marginal citations are printed twice over one another - '(b)(1)' '(b)(3)' with a second '(b)(1)' struck partly across the '(b)(3)' - so that the stack reads (b)(1) / (b)(3) / (b)(1) / (b)(3) for lines 4-5 together. Recorded as one pair per box.

a) Many [redacted] external projects in support of the [redacted] [redacted] are being funded

Beside box 7/8 (line 8) the upper citation is clipped by the head of the render - only the lower halves of '(b)(1)' show - and beside box 9 (line 9) the '(b)(1)' is half-printed (reads '(ʋ)( ı )') with '(b)(3)' clean beneath it. Recorded as '(b)(1)' '(b)(3)' on the pattern of every other pair on the leaf. CONFIRM against the full-page render.

each operation. [redacted] security practices are tight

Box 12 closes the line after the full stop and begins the next sentence; the withheld word or words are the sentence's subject. Recorded as printed.

practices are tight

'are' is overstruck - a heavier impression over the same letters - and reads as 'are'. CONFIRM.

marginal underlines

Two hand-drawn wavy underlines run under the last line of para 4 ('mends further refinements in security procedures.'), one at the left margin and one at the right. File marks, not text.

in the following area of policy

'area', singular, where 'areas' might be expected before a list. The document's own wording. PRESERVED.

a. Scope of the MKULTRA charter:

(1) Over the ten-year life of the program many additional avenues to the control of human behavior have been designated by the TSD management as appropriate to investigation under the MKULTRA charter, including radiation, electro-shock(1), various fields of psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and anthropology, graphology, harrassment substances, and paramilitary devices and materials.

(2) Various projects do not appear to have been sufficiently sensitive to warrant waiver of normal Agency procedures for authorization and control.

(3) Other secure channels for establishment and funding of Agency-sterile(2) activities have been evolved over the past ten years by Deputy Director/Support (DD/S) and in some cases could reasonably be employed by TSD in lieu of MKULTRA procedures.

In view of these developments there is substantial agreement among all parties concerned that redefinition of the scope of MKULTRA is now appropriate.

b. MKULTRA management policies:

(1) The original charter documents specified that TSD maintain exacting control of MKULTRA activities.

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

harrassment

Spelled with a double 'r'. The document's own spelling. PRESERVED.

no page number

No typed page number is visible at the foot of this leaf at 300 dpi, where the sequence (src 9 = '- 3 -', src 11 = '- 5 -') calls for '- 4 -'. 'printed' is null rather than inferred. CONFIRM at higher magnification whether a faint '- 4 -' sits under the struck stamp.

marginal squiggle

A small handwritten mark, like a figure 3 or a curled bracket, stands in the left margin beside the second line of item (2). File mark, not text.

In so doing, however, TSD has pursued a philosophy of minimum documentation(1) in keeping with the high sensitivity of some of the projects. Some files were found to present a reasonably complete record, including most sensitive matters, while others with parallel objectives contained little or no data at all. The lack of consistent records precluded use of routine inspection procedures and raised a variety of questions concerning management and fiscal controls.

[underlining and marginal mark]

(2) Lack of records essential to inspection of MKULTRA moved to the forefront among issues as the present survey proceeded. Under normal circumstances the inspectors would have examined an inventory of discrediting, disabling, and lethal substances perfected or procured from whatever sources. The records on representative items would have been reviewed according to such standard criteria as:

(a) How were the substance and its properties identified?

(b) What researcher was selected to perform the research, and why?

(c) When was the work begun, where, involving what costs, at what rate of progress, based on what tests?

- 5 -

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

representative

Underlined on the page. The line is straight and sits at the baseline like a typed underscore, but it could be a ruled hand mark like the others on this leaf. Recorded as the document's own emphasis. CONFIRM typed vs. hand.

How were the substance and its properties identified?

'were' with the singular 'substance'. The document's own grammar. PRESERVED. A heavy dot follows the question mark at a short distance - scan noise or a stray impression, not punctuation.

where, involving

A faint colon-like pair of dots follows 'where,' at the line end in item (c). Read as scan noise, not a typed character. CONFIRM.

criteria items (a)-(c)

Items (a)-(c) are single-spaced and indented as a block within the double-spaced text; their line breaks are closed up here as paragraph text.

(d) What are the present capabilities and limitations of the substance for clandesinte(2) operations?

(e) What further research is being conducted on this and related substances and how does this reflect existing TSD capabilities, operational requirements and budget factors?

(3) MKULTRA records afforded no such approach to inspection. There are just two individuals(1) in TSD who have full substantive knowledge of the program and most of that knowledge is unrecorded. Both are highly skilled, highly motivated, professionally competent individuals. Part of their competence lies in their command of intelligence tradecraft. In protecting the sensitive nature of the American intelligence capability to manipulate human behavior, they apply "need to know" doctrine to their professional associates and to their clerical assistants to a maximum degree. Confidence in their competence and discretion has been a vital feature of the management of MKULTRA.

c. Advanced testing of MKULTRA materials:

It is the firm doctrine in TSD that testing of materials under accepted scientific procedures fails to disclose the full pattern of reactions and attributions that may occur

- 6 -

Textual notes on this leaf (2)

clandesinte

Transposed letters for 'clandestine'. The document's own typing error. PRESERVED.

"need to know"

The quotation marks are typed as straight double primes and are transcribed as straight double quotes.

in operational situations. TSD initiated a program for covert testing of materials on unwitting(1) U. S. citizens in 1955. The present report reviews the rationale and risks attending this activity and recommends termination(2) of such testing in the United States, cf. paragraphs 10-18 below.

[underlining]

II. Modus Operandi

6. The research and development of materials capable of producing behavioral or physiological change in humans is now performed within a highly elaborated and stabilized MKULTRA structure. The search for new materials; e. g., psilocybin from Mexican mushrooms, or a fungi occurring in agricultural crops, is conducted through standing arrangements with specialists in universities, pharmaceutical houses, hospitals, state and federal institutions, and private research organizations who are authorities in the given field of investigation in their own right. Annual grants of funds are made under ostensible research foundation auspices to the specialists located in the public or quasi-public institutions. This approach conceals from the institution the interest of CIA and permits the recipient to proceed with his investigation, publish his findings (excluding intelligence implications), and account for his expenditures in a manner normal to his institution. A number of the grants have included funds for the construction and equipping of research

[marginal brackets]

- 7 -

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

materials; e. g., psilocybin

A semicolon precedes 'e.g.', and 'e.g.' is typed with a space between the two letters ('e. g.'); the comma after it appears to sit a space away from the 'g.' as well. Transcribed 'e. g.,' - the document's own punctuation, PRESERVED; CONFIRM the spacing around the comma.

or a fungi occurring

Singular article with the plural 'fungi'. The document's own wording. PRESERVED.

equipping

Prints as 'equ ipping' with a visible gap after 'equ' - a typed space, a faulty character escapement, or a scan gap. Transcribed as the intended single word; CONFIRM whether a space was typed.

U. S. citizens

'U. S.' spaced, as on src 8. PRESERVED.

facilities and for the employment of research assistants. Key individuals must qualify for top secret clearance and are made witting(2) of Agency sponsorship. As a rule each specialist is managed unilaterally and is not witting of Agency support of parallel MKULTRA research in his field. The system in effect "buys a piece" of the specialist in order to enlist his aid in pursuing the intelligence implications of his research. His services typically include systematic search of the scientific literature, procurement of materials, their propagation, and the application of test dosages to animals and under some circumstances to volunteer human subjects. No quarrel is found with the rationale of this program to the extent that it fits the original MKULTRA charter. However, for inspection purposes, there were lacking records, year by year, of the progress of each project and the recorded judgments of the project monitors on operational benefits vis-a-vis costs.

[marginal brackets]

7. The funding of sensitive MKULTRA projects by sterile grants in aid(1) as noted in the preceding paragraph disclosed one of the principal controversial aspects of this program. The original charter of MKULTRA assumed that the sensitivity of activities would be sufficient to justify both a) special protection for the researcher; and b) compartmentation of MKULTRA knowledge within the Agency. On this basis the inherent safeguards of DD/S procedures were waived, the DD/S was not consulted in the design of the MKULTRA management system, and established Agency

[marginal brackets]

- 8 -

Textual notes on this leaf (5)

grants in aid

Typed without hyphens. The document's own form. PRESERVED.

vis-a-vis

Typed with plain hyphens and no accent. PRESERVED.

management

Prints as 'ma nagement' with a gap after 'ma' on the last line - the same escapement fault seen in 'equ ipping' on src 13. Transcribed as one word; CONFIRM whether a space was typed.

compartmentation / of MKULTRA knowledge

An extra blank line separates 'compartmentation' from the following line 'of MKULTRA knowledge' - a typing-spacing lapse, not a paragraph break. Transcribed as continuous text.

"buys a piece"

Straight typed quotation marks, transcribed as straight double quotes.

audit procedures were waived(2). In the subsequent administration of the program, however, TSD has found it feasible to contract for some of the research on MKULTRA objectives in accordance with prescribed DD/S procedures. The DD/S, in turn, has evolved various secure systems for the funding of sensitive activities. It appears feasible and appropriate, therefore, to propose that the DD/S be consulted during the re-chartering of MKULTRA in the design of an administrative system that does justice to his responsibilities as well as to the management and security requirements of TSD. The Inspector General accordingly has recommended at the end of this report that the DD/S be consulted in the re-design of the system; that the Chief, Support, TSD, be assigned responsibility for the day-to-day support of MKULTRA; and that the latter constitute a bridge to the DD/S for monitoring the future evolution of the system.

[marginal brackets]

8. The next phase of the MKULTRA program involves physicians, toxicologists, and other specialists in mental, narcotics, and general hospitals and in prisons(1), who are provided the products and findings of the basic research projects and proceed with intensive testing on human subjects. These specialists are also recipients for testing purposes of the flow of new products from pharmaceutical laboratories. Materials and procedures with intelligence potential may be identified through this

- 9 -

Textual notes on this leaf (2)

system that does justice

'system' is underlined on the page (line 9). As with 'representative' on src 11 the line is straight and could be typed or ruled by hand. Recorded as emphasis; CONFIRM typed vs. hand.

re-chartering / re-design

Both hyphenated as typed. PRESERVED.

relationship. The testing programs are conducted under accepted scientific procedures including the use of control populations, the employment of placebos, and the detailed observation, measurement, recording, analysis, and publication of findings. Where health permits, test subjects are voluntary participants in the program.

9. A current development in the testing of new products is the tightening of controls over dosages and procedures by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration(1). Since MKULTRA files contained no documentation on this subject, it was not possible to appraise the significance of this development for MKULTRA objectives. However, interviews with the TSD officers concerned indicated that the new rules are affecting procedures and causing controversy in research hospitals and pharmaceutical houses. The TSD officers have close relationships with key individuals in many of the leading U. S. pharmaceutical houses and count on their continued close cooperation in obtaining materials and services deemed vital to U. S. intelligence.

[marginal brackets]

10. The final phase of testing of MKULTRA materials involves their application to unwitting subjects(2) in normal life settings. It was noted earlier that the capabilities of MKULTRA substances to produce disabling or discrediting effects or to increase the effectiveness of interrogation of hostile subjects cannot be established solely through testing on volunteer populations. Reaction and attribution patterns are

- 10 -

Textual notes on this leaf (1)

U. S. Food and Drug Administration / U. S. pharmaceutical / U. S. intelligence

'U. S.' spaced throughout, as on src 8 and 13. PRESERVED.

clearly affected when the testing is conducted in an atmosphere of confidence under skilled medical supervision.

11. TSD, therefore, entered into an informal arrangement with certain cleared and witting individuals in the Bureau of Narcotics(1) in 1955 which provided for the release of MKULTRA materials for such testing as those individuals deemed desirable and feasible. The initial arrangement obtained the services of a senior representative of the Bureau and one of his assistants on the West Coast. A parallel arrangement was established on the East Coast in 1961. The Director of the Bureau has been briefed on the activity, but the Deputy Chief, TSD, who has guided MKULTRA from its inception, is of the opinion that the former would disclaim all knowledge and responsibility in the event of compromise. The MKULTRA program director has, in fact, provided close supervision of the testing program from the beginning and makes periodic visits to the sites. The sum of $10, 000 has been provided annually to each(2) of the two projects to cover cost of cultivation of targets and of maintenance of a safehouse in each area for the observation of effects of substances on selected test individuals.

[underlining and box]

12. The particular advantage of these arrangements with the Bureau of Narcotics officials has been that test subjects could be sought and cultivated within the setting of narcotics control. Some subjects

- 11 -

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

$10, 000

The figure prints with a visible gap between the comma and '000' - '$10, 000'. Read as a typed space (the typist's habit; compare 'e. g.' on src 13) and transcribed as printed. A proportional-face comma with wide side-bearing cannot be excluded. CONFIRM.

individuals

Prints as 'ind ividuals' on line 5 with a gap after 'ind' - the recurring escapement fault (cf. src 13, 14). Transcribed as one word; CONFIRM.

compromise

Prints as 'compr omise' with a gap and a malformed 'o' on line 10. Read as 'compromise', one word; CONFIRM.

safehouse

One word, as typed. PRESERVED.

have been informers or members of suspect criminal elements from whom the Bureau has obtained results of operational value(2) through the tests. On the other hand, the effectiveness of the substances on individuals at all social levels, high and low, native American and foreign, is of great significance and testing has been performed on a variety of individuals within these categories.

13. A significant limitation on the effectiveness of such testing is the infeasibility of performing scientific observation of results. The Bureau agents are not qualified scientific observers(1). Their subjects are seldom accessible beyond the first hours of the test. The testing may be useful in perfecting delivery techniques, and in identifying surface characteristics of onset, reaction, attribution, and side-effect. In a number of instances, however, the test subject has become ill for hours or days, including hospitalization in at least one case, and the agent could only follow-up by guarded inquiry after the test subject's return to normal life. Possible sickness and attendant economic loss are inherent contingent effects of the testing.

14. The MKULTRA program officer stated that the objectives of covert testing concern the field of toxicology rather than medicine; further, that the program is not intended to harm test individuals, and that the medical consultation and assistance is obtained when appropriate through separate MKULTRA arrangements. The risk of compromise of

- 12 -

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

native American

Lower-case 'native'. The document's own capitalisation. PRESERVED.

side-effect

Singular, hyphenated, as typed. PRESERVED.

observers. Their

A heavy stray dot prints between 'observers.' and 'Their' on line 10; scan noise, not punctuation.

the program through correct diagnosis of an illness by an unwitting medical specialist is regularly considered and is stated to be a governing factor in the decision to conduct the given test. The Bureau officials also maintain close working relations with local police authorities which could be utilized to protect the activity in critical situations.

15. There have been several discussions in the public press(1) in recent months on the use of certain MKULTRA-type drugs(2) to influence human behavior. Broadly speaking, these have argued that research knowledge of possible adverse effects of such substances on human beings is inadequate, that some applications have done serious harm, and that professional researchers in medicine and psychiatry are split on the ethics of performing such research. Increasing public attention to this subject is to be expected.

16. The final step in the research and development sequence is the delivery of MKULTRA materials into the MKDELTA control system governing their employment in clandestine operations. The subject is discussed further in the next sectinn; however, it is appropriate here to note that the employment of MKDELTA materials remains an art rather than a scientific procedure. A significant number of variables in the target individual, including age, sex, weight, general health, social status, and personality structure, may account for widely varying and unpredictable reactions to a given drug in a given dosage.

- 13 -

Textual notes on this leaf (2)

sectinn

The word after 'in the next' reads 'sectinn' at 300 dpi - the fifth and sixth letters look like 'n n' rather than 'o n'. Transcribed as it appears; the OCR layer reads 'section'. CONFIRM at higher magnification.

MKULTRA-type

Hyphenated compound as typed. PRESERVED.

17. The final stage of covert testing of materials on unwitting subjects is clearly the most sensitive aspect of MKULTRA. effective cover story(2) appears to be available. TSD officials state that responsibility for covert testing is transferred to the Bureau of Narcotics. Yet they also predict that the Chief of the Bureau would disclaim any knowledge of the activity. Present practice is to maintain no records(1) of the planning and approval of test programs. The principal responsibility for the propriety of such testing rests with the MKULTRA program director and the Deputy Chief of TSD. The handling of test subjects in the last analysis rests with the Narcotics agent working alone. Suppression of knowledge of critical results from the top TSD and CIA management is an inherent risk in these operations.

18. Final phase testing of MKULTRA substances or devices on unwitting subjects is recognized to be an activity of genuine importance in the development of some but not all MKULTRA products. Termination of such testing would have some, but an essentially indeterminate, effect on the development of operational capability in this field. Of more critical significance, however, is the risk of serious damage to the Agency in the event of compromise of the true nature of this activity. As now performed under Bureau of Narcotics auspices, non-Agency personnel are necessarily fully witting of the true nature and signficance of their assignments, and of the sponsorship of CIA. Compromise of

- 14 -

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

signficance

Typed without the second 'i' ('signficance' for 'significance') on line 17; a stray mark follows the word. The document's own typing error. PRESERVED.

critical significance, however,

Prints as 'c ritical' with a gap after the 'c' at the start of line 14 - the recurring escapement fault (cf. src 13, 14, 17). Transcribed as one word; CONFIRM.

programs. The

The final 's' of 'programs' is faint and reads as 'e' in the OCR layer; the image shows 's'. Read as 'programs'. CONFIRM.

the top TSD and CIA management

'TSD' on line 9 is struck by scan noise and reads ':ISO' in the OCR layer; the image shows 'TSD'.

this information intentionally or unwittingly by these individuals at some time in the future is a hazard that cannot be ruled out. A test subject may on some occasion in the future correctly attribute the cause(2) of his reaction and secure independent professional medical assistance in identifying the exact nature of the substance employed, and by whom. An extreme reaction to a test substance could lead to a Bureau request for cooperation from local authorities in suppressing information of the situation. This would in turn broaden the circle of individuals who possessed at least circumstantial evidence of the nature of the activity. Weighing possible benefits of such testing against the risks of compromise and of resulting damage to CIA has led the Inspector General to recommend termination of this phase of the MKULTRA program. Existing checks and balances on the working level management of such testing do not afford the senior command of CIA adequate protection against the high risks involved.

19. It does not follow that termination of covert testing of MKULTRA materials on unwitting U. S. citizens will bring the program to a halt. Some testing on foreign nationals(1) has been occurring under the present arrangements. Various U. S. deep cover agents overseas would appear to be more favorably situated than the U. S. narcotics agents to perform realistic testing. Finally, the operational use of the substances clearly serves the testing function in view of the lack of predictability of human reactions.

[marginal brackets]

- 15 -

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

to perform realistic testing.

A stray dot prints below the line after 'perform' at the right margin (line 12); read as scan noise, not a full stop. CONFIRM.

U. S. citizens / U. S. deep cover / U. S. narcotics

'U. S.' spaced, as throughout. PRESERVED.

working level management

Typed without a hyphen. PRESERVED.

III. Current estimate of the MKULTRA/MKDELTA capability

20. The present Deputy Chief of TSD, Dr. Sidney Gottlieb(1), in his then capacity of scientific advisor to the Deputy Director/Plans (DD/P), released a study (hereafter referred to as the Gottlieb report(2)) on 21 April 1960, covering his six-month investigation of "Scientific and Technical Problems in Covert Action Operations". Appendix B of the report was entitled, "The Applicability of Special Chemicals and Biologicals to Clandestine Operations". The inspectors found this Appendix to be a carefully prepared and very useful treatment of the subject. The remaining paragraphs draw on the Gottlieb report, take account of developme'nts since that date, and discuss management and funding aspects of MKULTRA.

21. The author opened his discussion with the question of what the operational returns had been from an eight-year program involving an investment of approximately [redacted] He observed that the Clandestine Services had encouraged TSD on various occasions to develop and maintain the operational capability in special drugs and chemicals, but that TSD had received little or no guidance in directing the work and that the Clandestine Services had up to that time shown little inclination to use the end products operationally. He indicated that there had been approximately 100 operations over the eight years

- 16 -

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

Covert Action Operations"

Prints as 'Oper ations' with a gap after 'Oper' on line 6 - the recurring escapement fault. Transcribed as one word; CONFIRM.

an investment of approximately [redacted] He observed

The white box covers the figure and the sentence's full stop; 'He' begins the next sentence. '(b)(3)' alone is printed in the margin, its closing parenthesis clipped by the black band.

"Scientific and Technical Problems in Covert Action Operations"

Straight typed quotation marks; the closing mark follows 'Operations' and the full stop follows the closing mark. PRESERVED.

(DD/P), released

Comma after the closing parenthesis. The document's own punctuation. PRESERVED.

employing harrassment materials (not controlled under the MKDELTA regulation) and only nine operations employing disabling drugs, (NB: two-thirds of these involved the use of drugs in interrogations). No use of lethal substances was reported.

22. The factors accounting for the low rate of use of this capability were considered to be the following:

a. the technical shortcomings of the drugs

b. the problem of testing in realistic pilot operations

c. limitations on the dissemination of pertinent information to operations officers

d. organizational and administrative restrictions on operations

e. negative attitudes toward the use of MKDELTA materials

f. problems in the training of case officers in this field

g. the risk of stimulating increased use of MKDELTA materials by opposition intelligence services

23. Technical shortcomings of the drugs:

As of 1960 no effective knockout pill(1), truth serum, aphrodisiac, or recruitment pill was known to exist. MKDELTA was described as inherently a high-risk, low-yield(2) field of operations. Three years later the situation remains substantially unchanged, with the exception that real progress has been made in the use of drugs in support of interrogation. Ironically, however, the progress here has occurred in the development of a total psychological theory of interrogation, in which the use of drugs has been relegated to a support role. [redacted] [redacted]

[marginal bracket]

- 17 -

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

harrassment

Double 'r', as on src 10. The document's own spelling. PRESERVED.

drugs, (NB:

Comma before the opening parenthesis; 'NB' without stops. The document's own punctuation. PRESERVED.

list a.-g.

The seven items are single-spaced and indented as a block; items c., d. and g. run to a second line, closed up here.

relegated to a support role. [redacted] [redacted]

Box 1 closes the line after 'role.'; box 2 is a full-width line beneath it. Whether the withheld passage ends there or continues into the large box at the head of src 18 (printed 18) cannot be told from the page. The OCR layer renders the boxes as a run of dashes and underscores, removed here.

[redacted]

24. The problem of testing in realistic pilot operations:

This subject has been discussed above, beginning with paragraph 10. It should also be noted that testing on operational targets overseas is considered by some operations officers(2) to be quite impracticable. Unilateral operations(1) are imperative which substantially complicates the delivery problem. The possibilities of unexpected or critical reactions in test subjects and of ensuing compromise of the activity make most senior command personnel unwilling to take the risks involved.

25. Limitations on the dissemination of pertinent information to case officers; organizational and administrative restrictions on operations:

The present-day situation concerning both of these problem areas is improved over 1960. TSD now regularly briefs a variety

[marginal marks]

- 18 -

Textual notes on this leaf (2)

[redacted] (box 1)

The box is drawn slightly wider than the text measure and sits under the head stamp; the OCR layer yields nothing for it beyond the marginal citations. Its extent in lines is estimated from the box height against the page's double spacing.

present-day

Hyphenated as typed. PRESERVED.

of senior officers on its MKDELTA capability. Approval of the use of MKDELTA materials is now accomplished within the chain of command of the DD/P. The DD/P may consult, for example, with the Chief, Medical Staff(2), concerning medical risks involved in MKDELTA operations, but the latter surely would not expect to exercise final authority for the disapproval of operations.

26. TSD has found that TDY visits(1) of MKULTRA officers to the field in support of specific operations increases the awareness of the MKDELTA capability and stimulates proposals for additional projects. Of equal significance. however, has been the TSD decision in 1961 to station in the [redacted] officer who is informed on MKDELTA matters. A second officer is scheduled to move PCS to [redacted] during the summer of 1963 to support [redacted] and adjacent stations. While the principal responsibility of these officers lies in the field [redacted] the arrangement in the [redacted] has proved useful in the MKDELTA field--notably in interrogation--as well. It now appears that increased reliance can be placed on this approach to promoting responsible use of the MKDELTA capabilities.

[marginal brackets]

27. Negative attitudes toward the use of MKDELTA materials; problems in the training of case officers in this field:

The 1960 Gottlieb report observed that some case officers have basic moral objections to the concept of MKDELTA and

[Gottlieb]

- 19 -

Textual notes on this leaf (5)

station in the [redacted]

The word 'the' before box 1 is partly overwritten by a hand stroke and reads 'the' by its outline. CONFIRM.

move PCS to [redacted] during the summer of 1963 to support [redacted] and

Two boxes on one line (boxes 2 and 3). Beside them the marginal citations print as '((b)(1)' and '((b)(3)' - each with a stray extra opening parenthesis. Recorded as '(b)(1)' '(b)(3)'; the stray strokes noted here. CONFIRM.

the arrangement in the [redacted]

Beside boxes 4-5 the margin prints '(b)(1)', '(b)(3)' and beneath them a third, half-clipped citation whose visible tops read '(b)(3)'. Recorded as one pair per box.

MKDELTA field--notably in interrogation--as well

Dashes typed as double hyphens without spaces. PRESERVED.

TDY / PCS

Service abbreviations as typed (temporary duty; permanent change of station). PRESERVED without expansion.

therefore refuse to use the materials. Some senior officers were reported to believe that the proper employment of the capability required more sophistication than most case officers possessed and that there would be a tendency toward over-reliance on and misuse of drugs in lieu of perfecting classic espionage techniques. Finally, it was suggested that MKDELTA controls were so restrictive as to have generated a general defeatism among case officers concerning the chances of getting approval for use of materials in routine rather than extreme situations. These matters will be reviewed in future field inspections of DD/P area divisions. In the meanwhile, the stationing of qualified TSD consultants in the field and increasing operational experience will tend to develop over time a category of case officers who have acquired direct appreciation of the potential and limitations of the MKDELTA capability.

[marginal brackets and stroke]

28. The risk of stimulating increased use of MKDELTA materials by opposition intelligence services:

The Gottlieb report stated that opposition intelligence services are active in the MKDELTA field and recommended that the CI Staff of the DD/P conduct a systematic study(2) of the evidence. This recommendation has not been implemented. It is a subject of increasing significance as new materials and techniques become available.

[Gottlieb]

- 20 -

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

over-reliance

Hyphenated as typed. PRESERVED.

The risk of stimulating increased use of MKDELTA materials by opposition intelligence services:

The second line of the para 28 heading ('by opposition intelligence services:') is set out to the left margin, a hanging indent; closed up as one heading here.

CI Staff

As typed; not expanded.

It is recommended that:

Deputy Director /Plans instruct Chief, CI Staff, to perform a study of the evidence of use of MKDELTA materials by opposition intelligence services and recommend appropriate measures for training DD/P case officers to recognize and counter hostile activity in this area.

[marginal brackets(2)]

29. In summary, present evidence concerning the operational value of the MKDELTA capability would appear to confirm the principal judgments of the 1960 Gottlieb report. There is an extremely low rate of operational use of the controlled materials. On the other hand, significant progress has been achieved in the development of an interrogation theory employing chemical substances, and in providing competent guidance to the field in MKDELTA matters through TSD officers working overseas.

[marginal brackets]

IV. Management of MKULTRA

30. TSD has initiated 144 projects relating to the control of human behavior; i. e., [redacted] during the ten years of operation of the MKULTRA program. Twenty-five(1) (25) of these projects remain in existence at the present time, while a number of others are in various stages of termination.

[marginal brackets]

31. Active projects may be grouped under the following arbitrary

- 21 -

Textual notes on this leaf (5)

Deputy Director /Plans

A typed space appears before the slash ('Director /Plans') where the document elsewhere types 'Director/Plans'. Transcribed as printed. CONFIRM.

behavior; i. e., [redacted]

'i.e.,' is transcribed closed up; the OCR layer reads it spaced ('i. e. ,') and the impression is tight enough that either could be the typed form. CONFIRM (compare 'e. g.,' on src 13 and 28).

144 projects

The figure is clear on the page; the OCR layer misreads it as '411'.

Twenty-five (25)

Spelled out and repeated in figures, as typed. PRESERVED.

It is recommended that:

This recommendation, and the others in the report, are set as an underlined heading followed by an indented paragraph, without a paragraph number.

headings. Many projects involve activity in two or more of the areas listed.

a. basic research in materials and processes

b. procurement of research materials

c. testing of substances on animals and human beings

d. development of delivery techniques

e. projects in offensive/defensive BW, CW, and radiation

f. miscellaneous projects; e. g., (1) petroleum sabotage(1), (2) defoliants, (3) devices for remote measurement of physiological processes

[marginal brackets]

32. The current management of TSD has initiated a policy of directing the activities of MKULTRA and of the Behavioral Activities Branch towards operations(2) and away from long-range research. Prior to this change in policy which occurred in 1962, MKULTRA sponsored a large number of projects in the fields of applied psychology, sociology, anthropology, and graphology. The present management is unlikely to return to these fields of research under the MKULTRA charter. The inspectors concluded that many of these projects were of insufficient sensitivity to justify waiver of normal Agency control procedures. It is recommended at the end of this report that projects falling outside the authorized scope of MKULTRA henceforth require the prior written approval of the DD/P to qualify for MKULTRA processing.

[marginal brackets]

33. The TSD chain of command for administration of the MKULTRA program comprises the following:

a. Chief, TSD providing overall management

b. Deputy Chief, TSD, (a trained scientist) providing top substantive guidance for the MKULTRA program

c. Assistant Chief, TSD, for Research and Development, contributing management but not substantive guidance

- 22 -

Textual notes on this leaf (6)

miscellaneous projects; e. g., (1) petroleum sabotage,

'e. g.,' typed with a space between the letters, as on src 13; the OCR layer garbles it as '~ g. Ul)'. Transcribed as printed; CONFIRM the spacing of the comma.

offensive/defensive BW, CW, and radiation

Abbreviations as typed; not expanded.

list items (31) a.-f. and (33) a.-c.

Single-spaced indented lists; items f. (31) and b., c. (33) run to further lines, closed up here.

physiological processes

Item f. ends without punctuation. PRESERVED.

Deputy Chief, TSD, (a trained scientist) providing

Comma before the parenthesis. The document's own punctuation. PRESERVED.

long-range

Hyphenated as typed. PRESERVED.

d. Chief Scientist (reporting to c., above), (a trained scientist), contributing substantive guidance in some areas and responsible for the technical administrative processes of MKULTRA. He is supported by a GS-12 budget officer.

e. program manager for MKULTRA, also serves as Chief of Biology Branch, (a trained scientist)

f. project monitors located in various branches of TSD and specialized in the subject fields of the specific projects for which they are assigned responsibility

To date this chain of command has relied primarily on oral communication(2) in the management of MKULTRA. Files are notably incomplete(1), poorly organized, and lacking in evaluative statements that might give perspective to management policies over time. A substantial portion of the MKULTRA record appears to rest in the memories of the principal officers and is therefore almost certain to be lost with their departures. The senior officers in the MKULTRA chain of command who are not substantively qualified need better records to measure the validity of projects through time and to identify key areas in which to require detailed periodic briefings from working specialists.

34. It will be noted that the Chief of Support, TSD, does not participate in the MKULTRA administration. The predecessor of the present Chief of Support served in TSD throughout the life of the program until 1962 without ever being associated with its management. In his stead, the Chief Scientist and a GS-12 budget officer have provided administrative support. The Chief Scientist has set policy on the funding of MKULTRA

- 23 -

Textual notes on this leaf (6)

(reporting to c., above), (a trained scientist),

Two parenthetical phrases separated by a comma, with a comma after 'c.' inside the first. The document's own punctuation. PRESERVED.

e. program manager for MKULTRA, also serves as Chief of Biology Branch, (a trained scientist)

Lower-case 'program', comma before the parenthesis, and no closing punctuation. PRESERVED.

GS-12

Typed 'GS-12' in both places (the OCR layer reads 'GS-lZ' and 'GS-l2'); grade as typed.

over time

Two words on the page; the OCR layer closes them up.

program until 1962

At the right margin beside 'until' a short handwritten dash and a dot are drawn; the OCR layer renders them as a hyphen. File marks, not text.

list items d.-f.

Single-spaced indented items separated by a blank line; item d. runs to five lines, closed up here.

projects in all respects including salaries, overhead rates, fees, material, equipment, facilities, travel, and the like. The support officer was only added in 1962 under pressure(1) of critical audit findings. This use of the Chief Scientist in a field where Chief of Support possesses superior qualifications and facilities constitutes a misuse of talent. The proposed new charter for MKULTRA should take account of this anomaly and also provide that Chief of Support advise in the future on decisions to fund projects under the MKULTRA authority(2) and thereby to waive the application of DD/S procedures.

It is recommended that:

Deputy Director/Plans draft and submit for the approval of the Director of Central Intelligence a revision and re-confirmation of the authority granted him in 1953 (Tab A) to operate the MKULTRA program, incorporating the following provisions:

a. Deputy Director/Plans assign Chief, Technical Services Division, to operate MKULTRA as a program for research and development of chemical, biological, and radioactive materials, and of techniques for the employment of electro-shock, capable of producing human behavioral or physiological change. Subsequent changes in scope of MKULTRA shall require the written approval of the Deputy Director/Plans.

[marginal brackets]

- 24 -

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

re-confirmation

Hyphenated as typed. PRESERVED.

electro-shock,

Hyphenated; the hyphen falls at a line end in the OCR layer but is a compound hyphen on the page ('electro-shock' on one line). PRESERVED.

the following provisions:

The OCR layer garbles the line ('jth~ following provisions:·'); the page reads 'the following provisions:' cleanly.

b. Deputy Director/Plans arrange with Deputy Director/Research(2) for the coordination of research relating to MKULTRA objectives to control duplication of effort and to provide for exchange of information of new capabilities.

c. Chief, Technical Services Division, consistent with established policy, may negotiate for research in MKULTRA materials and techniques to be conducted by Deputy Director/Research and by other component offices of CIA. He shall consult regularly with the appropriate officers of such components to control duplication of effort.

d. Chief, Technical Services Division shall approve the addition of MKULTRA developed materials to the list of operationally available MKDELTA substances and keep the Deputy Director/Plans advised of such additions. (cf. Clandestine Services Instruction No. 220-10, MKDELTA MATERIALS, dated 22 July 1960--Tab B--which governs the employment of behavioral control materials in clandestine operations.)

e. Deputy Director/Plans, jointly with the Deputy Director/Support, establish policy for the administration of support functions under MKULTRA. Such policy shall seek to limit to the maximum the waiver of established Agency support procedures for activities of unusual sensitivity.

f. Chief, Technical Services Division shall maintain exacting internal controls and records of all substantive and support matters within each MKULTRA project. Records shall include:

(1) A plan of the research and development to be performed.

(2) An administrative annex setting forth security, budget and accounting arrangements agreed to by the parties to the project. Chief of Support, TSD, shall then certify to the DD/S for each such project that this annex is in accord with the agreed DDS/DDP policy. Pursuant to this

[marginal brackets]

- 25 -

Textual notes on this leaf (7)

b. / c. / d. / e. / f.

The item letters stand well to the left of the item text in a separate column; the OCR layer drops most of them and they are restored from the page here.

Deputy Director/Research

Typed across a line break after the slash ('Deputy Director/' | 'Research') in item b. and again in item e. ('Deputy Director/' | 'Support'); closed up as the compound titles they are.

available MKDELTA substances and keep

A stray dot prints at a distance after 'substances' at the line end in item d.; read as scan noise, not a full stop. CONFIRM.

Clandestine Services Instruction No. 220-10

A stray colon-like mark prints after 'Instruction' at the line end; scan noise. The instruction number is '220-10' (the OCR layer's '2.2. July' is '22 July' on the page).

1960--Tab B--which

Double-hyphen dashes without spaces, as typed. PRESERVED.

DDS/DDP policy

Typed without slashes inside the abbreviations ('DDS/DDP' rather than 'DD/S-DD/P'). PRESERVED.

Chief, Technical Services Division shall approve

Items d. and f. omit the comma after 'Division' that items c. and h. carry. The document's own punctuation. PRESERVED.

responsibility, Chief of Support, TSD, shall have right of unlimited access to the substantive and administrative records of MKULTRA.

(3) An annual written review by the project monitor setting forth in reasonable detail the nature of the work performed, the prospects for results of eventual operational significance, and a recommendation for continuance or termination of the project.

g. Testing of MKULTRA materials and devices shall only be performed in accredited research institutions under accepted scientific procedures.

h. Chief, Technical Services Division, shall brief the Deputy Director/Plans at least semi-annually on MKULTRA activities. The Deputy Director/Plans after each briefing shall promptly notify the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence that he has personally conducted a semi-annual review of the program.

i. The MKULTRA program be audited in accordance with the provisions of HR 31-1(1), including auditor access to substantive as well as administrative records.

[oval and marks]

- 26 -

Textual notes on this leaf (5)

HR 31-1,

The regulation number is partly overwritten by a hand stroke: read as '31-1' with a comma following. The OCR layer drops it. CONFIRM.

g. / h. / i. / (3)

Item letters and numbers stand in a separate column and are dropped by the OCR layer; restored from the page.

semi-annually / semi-annual

Hyphenated as typed. PRESERVED.

accepted scientific procedures.

A stray raised mark follows the full stop at the end of item g.; scan noise.

The MKULTRA program be audited

Subjunctive 'be', as in the other recommendation clauses. PRESERVED.

3 April 1953

MEMORANDUM FOR: Director, Central Intelligence

SUBJECT: Two Extremely Sensitive Research Programs

1. Approximately 6% of the TSS research and development effort lies in two highly sensitive fields in which it is not possible to conduct the work through the customary contracts for security reasons and other considerations.

2. These two sensitive fields are:

a) Covert studies of biological and chemical warfare

b) [redacted]

3. Permission of the DCI is requested to handle work in these two fields in the manner outlined in Tab A without contracts and with reimbursement to be made against invoices properly certified by TSS.

4. All controls established in the PRC approval of the original Research Program (other than signing of a contract) would remain unchanged. Periodic financial and progress reports will be made. All documents will be retained by TSS.

5. No new funds are involved. This procedure would apply to funds previously approved for research.

6. Tab B is a memorandum to the Deputy Director (Administration) for your signature authorizing this procedure.

[signed] Richard Helms(1) Richard Helms Acting Deputy Director (Plans)

7GW [initials]

Attachments: (2)

Tab A - Description of Project MKULTRA and the controls which will be exercised over its execution

Tab B - Suggested Memorandum from DCI to DD/A authorizing payment of invoices under Project MKULTRA

Distribution:

Addressee - Orig & 1 w/attachments

DD/P - 1 w/attachments

TSS/OC - 1 w/attachments

Exec. Reg.- 1/attachments

T. S. 87624 Copy #1 of 5 copies(2)

Textual notes on this leaf (7)

7GW / [initials]

Handwritten mark right of the signature. The upper line reads '7GW' (a routing or file mark); the lower line is a cursive initial or monogram, perhaps 'ML' or 'WL', not confidently read. CONFIRM.

Copy #1 of 5 copies

The copy line at the foot reads 'Copy #1 of 5 copies' with the first two letters of 'Copy' and the figure partly struck by ink streaks; the figure could be a typed '1' or a handwritten one. CONFIRM.

b) [redacted]

Item b) of para 2 is entirely withheld; the box runs from after 'b)' for about two thirds of the line. Nothing is legible.

previously approved for research.

The second line of para 5 is typed indented to the centre of the measure rather than to the margin - the typist's layout. Closed up as one paragraph.

Exec. Reg.- 1/attachments

The last distribution line is typed with the hyphen closed up against 'Reg.' and '1/attachments' without 'w'. The document's own form. PRESERVED.

typewriter

This leaf and the following Tab A leaves are typed on a different, pica-face machine from the report; the OCR layer is much noisier here (about one error a line) and every line was checked against the render.

ink streaks

A run of vertical ink streaks falls down the right-centre of the lower half of the leaf, over the attachment list's right margin and into the copy line; a reproduction defect, not text.

T.S. 87624

A

Copy #1 of 5 copies(2)

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

T.S. 87624

Handwritten serial at the head; the figures are read against the typed 'T. S. 87624' on the following leaves and the hand is loose ('T ~8 ;6 24'). CONFIRM.

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Handwritten copy notation in cursive at the foot; 'Copy #' and 'of 5 copies' are clear, the figure is read as '1' (a single stroke, underlined). CONFIRM.

cover leaf

An otherwise blank cover leaf for Tab A: folded-down top-left corner reproduced as a black diagonal, one punch hole visible at the head, the heavy black band down the right edge. The OCR layer returns only noise for this leaf.

T. S. 87624

TAB A

PROJECT MKULTRA

Extremely Sensitive Research and Development Programs

1. On 6 June 1952, the Project Review Committee(1) approved the TSS Research Program for Fiscal [redacted] Year 1953. [redacted]

2. The PRC approval authorized the Director of Research, at his discretion and with the approval of the Research Chairman, to apportion and obligate the research funds among individual projects, such projects to be subject to the usual Agency procedures and administrative controls.

3. This Research Program has been actively underway since the middle of 1952 and has gathered considerable momentum during the past few months. It is now evident on the basis of work currently underway that approximately 94% of the projects contemplated can be handled through regular procurement channels by means of the customary contracts signed jointly by the Agency and the organization undertaking to carry out the work. It has also become apparent that approximately 6% of the projects are of such an ultra-sensitive nature that they cannot and should not be handled by means of contracts which would associate CIA or the Government with the work in question. This 6% of the current research effort now lies entirely within two well-defined fields of endeavor, namely:

(a) Research to develop a capability in the covert use of biological and chemical materials. This area involves the production of various physiological conditions which could support present or future clandestine operations. Aside from the offensive potential, the development of a comprehensive capability in this field of covert chemical and biological warfare gives us a thorough knowledge of the enemy's theoretical potential, thus enabling us to defend ourselves against a foe who might not be as restrained in the use of

[unread ink stroke]

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Textual notes on this leaf (6)

Research Program for Fiscal [redacted] Year 1953. [redacted]

The typed line breaks after 'Fiscal' and the rest of that line, and the rest of the line after 'Year 1953.', are blank with no exemption citation printed beside them. Box 1 carries unmistakable erasure traces at the typewriter baseline (broken dashes and underline fragments) and is NOT read. Box 2's traces are fainter and the second marker is PROVISIONAL - it may be scan speckle rather than erased type. Both stretches are blank on the 1977-era release (DOC_0000017748 p32), so neither is a 2019 withholding. The parallel sentence in the 13 April Dulles memorandum (report p38) places its gap before 'for Fiscal Year 1953' instead. CONFIRM both.

94% ... 6% ... This 6% of the current

Three typed percentages in paragraph 3. Both OCR layers render the per-cent sign as 'o/o' or '"/e'; all three read as '%' on the page, and the two 6% figures are the figure the later leaves refer back to. CONFIRM.

endeavor, namely:

American spelling 'endeavor' as typed. The comma after it is a light strike that both OCR layers have read as a full stop on other releases. PRESERVED as a comma.

compre-hensive / bio-logical

Both broken across a line on the page and closed up per the transcription rules.

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Handwritten figure on the typed underline read as '1'; ink strokes from the annotation above cross it. CONFIRM.

no page number

The first leaf of Tab A carries no typed page number; the sequence begins '- 2 -' on the following leaf. 'printed' is null.

T. S. 87624

these techniques as we are. For example: we intend to investigate the development of a chemical material which causes a reversible non-toxic aberrant mental state, the specific nature of which can be reasonably well predicted for each individual. This material could potentially aid in discrediting individuals, eliciting information, implanting suggestion and other forms of mental control;

(b) Research and engineering development in the field of [redacted]

4. It is highly undesirable from a policy and security point of view that contracts should be signed(1) indicating Agency or Government interest in either of these two fields. In a great many instances the work in field (a) must be conducted by individuals who are not and should not be aware of our interest. In all cases dealing with field (b), it is mandatory that any connection with the Agency should be known only to an absolute minimum number of people who have been specifically cleared for this purpose. In no case should any manufacturer or supplier be aware of Government interest.

5. In many cases in field (a) where the researcher can be cleared and may be aware of our interest in the program, he is unwilling to have his name on a contract which remains out of his control in our files. Experience has shown that qualified, competent individuals in the field of pharmacological, physiological, psychiatric and other biological sciences are most reluctant to enter into signed agreements of any sort which connect them with this activity since such a connection would jeopardize their professional reputations.

6. Even internally in CIA, as few individuals as possible should be aware of our interest in these fields and of the identity of those who are working for us. At present this results in ridiculous contracts, often with cut-outs, which do not spell out the scope or intent of the work

- 2 -

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Textual notes on this leaf (5)

(b) Research and engineering development in the field of [redacted]

Item (b) is withheld after its first line: one large white box, nine or ten lines deep, with the citations printed beside its top edge. Nothing under it is legible.

In all cases / In no case

'all' and 'no' are underlined on the page with typed underscores - the document's own emphasis. Transcribed without markup; noted here.

For example: we intend

A colon after 'example' followed by a lower-case 'we'. The document's own punctuation. PRESERVED.

non-toxic / cut-outs

Hyphenated as typed. PRESERVED.

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Handwritten figure on the typed underline read as '1'. CONFIRM.

T. S. 87624

and which contain terms which the cut-out(1) cannot incorporate in his contract with the researcher without revealing Government interest. Complete Government audits of such contracts are impossible for the same reason.

7. It is, therefore, requested that the DCI authorize TSS to handle 6% of the previously approved research budget(2) for FY '53 without the establishment of formal contractual relations. This program will be known as Project MKULTRA.

8. It is suggested that payment of invoices under Project MKULTRA forwarded by TSS be authorized, provided that:

(a) the total of such invoices does not exceed 6% for Fiscal Year 1953;

(b) the invoices carry a certification by the TSS Research Director that payment of funds is authorized and that the invoices represent work accomplished within the program approved by the DCI under Project MKULTRA as outlined in this memorandum;

(c) the invoices carry the certification of the Executive Secretary of the Research Board that the scope of the program has been approved;

(d) the invoices carry the certification of the cognizant TSS Division Chief that the work has been satisfactory from a technical point of view.

9. It should be emphasized that this authorization does not involve any new allocation of funds, but merely applies to a portion of a previously approved budget. The TSS certifications mentioned above will mean that:

(a) the project is being handled under the conditions set forth in this description and specifically falls within one of the two ultra-sensitive fields mentioned above;

(b) the project has been approved in the manner provided for in the PRC document which originally set up and approved the over-all TSS Research Program. Each project will thus have been presented by the Chief of the Division monitoring

- 3 -

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Textual notes on this leaf (5)

to handle 6% / does not exceed 6% for

In para 7 the figure '6%' stands at the end of the first line and the second line is indented to the centre, as if the figure had been typed into a space left for it; in item (a) '6%' sits between wide gaps in the same way. The figure was evidently inserted after the lines were typed. Transcribed as continuous text; layout noted here. CONFIRM the figure in both places.

for FY '53

Apostrophe before the year, as typed. PRESERVED.

cut-out / over-all / ultra-sensitive

Hyphenated as typed. PRESERVED.

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Handwritten figure on the typed underline read as '1'. CONFIRM.

ink streaks

A column of ink streaks falls beside item 9(b) and over the copy line at the lower right; a reproduction defect, not text.

T. S. 87624

the work to the Research Director and to the Research Chairman and will have, as in the past, to be approved by both before any expenditures are made;

(c) technical control(2) over the project will be exercised by the TSS Division Chief and Project Engineers to the same extent now applying to projects handled in the normal fashion. Technical reports will be rendered when necessary and advisable and will be available for inspection in TSS files at any time;

(d) in the case of each project, TSS will reach an understanding with the individuals who will perform the work as to the conditions under which the work will be performed and reimbursement arranged. No standard contract will be signed. In some cases when possible, a memorandum of agreement will be signed and retained in the TSS files. Under no circumstances would copies of such agreements leave TSS files where they will be kept available for inspection;

(e) the manner in which the work will be handled and methods of maintaining Agency and Government sterility(1) will be worked out with the Inspection & Security Office as in the past, and clearance of individuals to the extent deemed necessary by TSS and I & SO will be obtained;

(f) invoices, when received by TSS, will be forwarded to Finance Division for payment and will be certified as outlined in Paragraph 8 above. Whenever documents are available supporting a portion or all of a given invoice, such as cancelled checks, receipted bills, etc., these will be requested by TSS and retained in the TSS files in support of the invoice, where they will at all times be available for inspection. They will not be forwarded with the invoices. Such documents at best will only cover a portion of the total expenditures, and regular audit procedures will not be followed;

(g) other provisions and controls over the Research Program specified in the original PRC approval will remain unaltered. Technical progress under the separate projects handled under Project MKULTRA will be included whenever necessary in

- 4 -

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Textual notes on this leaf (5)

Inspection & Security Office / I & SO

Typed ampersands, spaced; the OCR layer drops both. Transcribed from the page.

reimbursement

Broken across a line ('re-' | 'imbursement') on the page; closed up.

etc.,

As typed. PRESERVED.

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Handwritten figure on the typed underline read as '1'. CONFIRM.

ink streaks

A column of ink streaks falls at the lower right over the copy line; a reproduction defect, not text.

T. S. 87624

the regular progress reports now submitted by the Director of Research. The monthly budget and financial report(2) being submitted by TSS to DD/A will include full financial information on these projects, including how much of the 6% has been committed, how much has been spent and how much remains.

10. The establishment and approval of Project MKULTRA will allow TSS to undertake highly desirable and necessary research in these two sensitive fields which would not be possible unless(1) the work can be handled in this manner.

Distribution:

Addressee - Orig. & 1

DD/P - 1

TSS/OC - 1

Exec. Registry - 1

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

no page number / no copy line

This last leaf of Tab A carries neither a typed page number (the sequence calls for '- 5 -') nor the 'Copy # of 5 copies' line; only the classification stamp stands at the foot. 'printed' is null.

how much of the 6%

As on the third leaf, '6%' is typed into a gap at the line end with a stray mark before it. CONFIRM the figure.

information

Broken across a line ('informa-' | 'tion') on the page; closed up.

Orig. & 1

'Orig.' with a full stop and a typed ampersand; the OCR layer reads 'Ie'. Transcribed from the page.

T.S. 87624(1)

B

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

T.S. 87624

Handwritten serial at the head, read against the typed serial on the Tab A leaves; the hand is loose. CONFIRM.

Copy #1 of 5 copies

Handwritten copy notation in cursive at the foot; the figure is read as '1'. CONFIRM.

cover leaf

A blank cover leaf for Tab B, matching the Tab A cover (src 35): folded-down top-left corner reproduced as a black diagonal, two punch holes at the head, the heavy black band down the right edge. The OCR layer returns only noise for this leaf.

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

WASHINGTON 25. D. C.

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR(2)

APR 13 1953

MEMORANDUM FOR: DEPUTY DIRECTOR (ADMINISTRATION)

SUBJECT : Project MKULTRA - Extremely Sensitive Research and Development Program

1. On 6 June 1952, the Project Review Committee approved the DD/P/TSS Research Program [redacted] for Fiscal Year 1953.

2. The PRC approval authorized the Director of Research, at his discretion and with the approval of the Research Chairman, to obligate the research funds and apportion them among individual projects, such projects to be subject to the usual Agency procedures and administrative controls.

3. A small part of the Research Program contemplated by TSS and discussed with me consists of ultra-sensitive work. The nature of the research and the security considerations involved preclude handling the projects by means of the usual contractual agreements.

4. I have, therefore, approved the obligation and expenditure by TSS of 6% of the total budget already approved by the PRC for research for FY '53 without the signing of the usual contracts(1) or other written agreements.

5. This 6% will be handled as Project MKULTRA. Would you please make the necessary arrangements so that invoices forwarded by TSS applying to MKULTRA will be paid, provided that:

a) In the aggregate, they do not exceed 6% for FY '53 without further authorization from me;

b) each invoice is to bear a certification by the Chief,

Textual notes on this leaf (9)

APR 13 1953

Rubber date stamp. 'APR' and the leading '1' are clear; the second figure is a smudged loop read as '3' and the year reads '1953' with a broken '9'. The day is corroborated by the 21 April memorandum for the file on report p40, which says the DCI wrote to DD/A on 13 April 1953, and by the file's own tab structure - but the stamp itself is not crisp. CONFIRM.

WASHINGTON 25. D. C.

Printed letterhead. The mark after '25' is a heavy blot that could be a comma or a full stop; read as a comma. CONFIRM.

Research Program [redacted] for Fiscal Year 1953.

Paragraph 1 breaks after 'Research Program', leaves about half a line blank and resumes indented. No exemption citation is printed and no character traces survive. Recorded as withheld matter, not as a typing accident, because the same sentence is broken the same way on report p32 and because the 1977-era release is blank there too. CONFIRM.

TSS of 6% of the total budget already approved by the PRC

In paragraph 4 the figure '6%' stands inside a typed gap, and a second wide gap follows 'budget' before 'already'; a faint stray mark stands in the second gap, which both OCR layers read as a capital 'I'. The figure was evidently typed in after the line was set, as on report pp33-35. Transcribed as continuous text; the layout is noted here. CONFIRM the figure and the gaps.

This 6% will be handled as Project MKULTRA.

Same treatment in paragraph 5: '6%' sits inside a typed gap with a further wide blank after it before 'will be handled'. CONFIRM.

they do not exceed 6% for FY '53

Same treatment in item a). The OCR layer also mis-orders this item, printing 'for FY '53' after the second line; the page reads it at the end of the first line. Transcribed from the page.

pro-jects / ultra-sensitive

'projects' is broken across a line ('pro-' | 'jects') on the page and closed up; 'ultra-sensitive' is the document's own hyphen and is kept.

for FY '53

Apostrophe before the year, as typed. PRESERVED.

no page number, no copy line

The first leaf of the 13 April memorandum carries neither a typed page number nor the 'Copy # of 5 copies' line that runs through Tab A. 'printed' is null.

DD/P/TSS, as the Research Director, that the invoice applies to Project MKULTRA and that the conditions outlined in the DD/P memorandum for DCI dated 3 April have been complied with. The certification will also request that payment be made;

c) the invoice shall bear the certification of the Executive Secretary of the Research Board that the scope of the program has been approved;

d) the invoice shall bear the certification of the cognizant TSS Division Chief that the work has been satisfactorily performed from a technical point of view and has been carried out in accordance with the understandings reached between TSS and the individual or concern doing the work.

6. No further documents(2) will be required to justify payment of the invoices. Exacting control will be maintained over the Project by TSS. Although no formal contract will be signed, it will occasionally be possible for TSS to sign an informal agreement with the individual or concern performing the work. In such cases, TSS will retain in its files all documents. TSS will endeavor wherever possible to obtain documentary support of invoices, such as cancelled checks, receipted bills, etc., and these will remain in TSS files. Such documents at best will only cover a portion of the total expenditures, and the regular audit procedure will not be followed.

7. Other provisions and control over the Research Program specified in the original PRC approval remain unaltered. The monthly budget and financial record being submitted by TSS to DD/A will include financial information on the work being conducted under Project MKULTRA, showing how much of the 6% has been committed, how much has been spent, and how much remains.

/s/ ALLEN W. DULLES(1) Director, Central Intelligence

Distribution:

Addressee - Orig. & 1

DD/P - 1

TSS/OC - 1

Exec. Registry - 1

- 2 -

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

/s/ ALLEN W. DULLES

DEFECT OF RECORD, not of transcription: the signature is conformed. '/s/' is written in a heavy ink hand above the typed name; Dulles's own signature is not on this leaf. Worth an annotation - the authorisation document reproduced inside the 1963 report is a file copy.

Director, Central Intelligence

As typed - 'Director, Central Intelligence', not 'Director of Central Intelligence'. PRESERVED.

memorandum for DCI dated 3 April

A short horizontal ink rule is drawn above 'dated' on the page. Read as a reader's mark, not as text; recorded here rather than as an annotation block because it touches a single word.

the original PRC approval

The 'P' of 'PRC' is broken on the page and both OCR layers read the word as 'IRC' or '1-RC'. Read as 'PRC' against paragraphs 1 and 2 of the first leaf, which spell the Project Review Committee out. CONFIRM.

how much of the 6% has been committed

As on the first leaf, '6%' stands inside a typed gap with blank space either side, evidently typed in after the line was set. CONFIRM the figure.

cancelled checks / receipted bills / endeavor

American spellings and the doubled 'l' of 'cancelled' as typed. PRESERVED.

Addressee - Orig. & 1

'Orig.' with a full stop and a typed ampersand; a small ink check stands to the right of the line. The OCR layer drops the ampersand. Transcribed from the page.

etc.,

As typed. PRESERVED.

21 April 1953

MEMORANDUM FOR THE FILE

SUBJECT : Project MKULTRA

1. Project MKULTRA was established by means of a memorandum dated 3 April 1953 from DD/P to DCI as a result of which on 13 April 1953, DCI wrote to DD/A approving the project subject to certain controls and limitations which TSS has agreed to maintain.

2. In order to comply with these controls, subprojects under MKULTRA will be handled as outlined in the DD/P memorandum to the DCI dated 3 April 1953. In brief:

(a) A separate file will be kept on each subproject(1). The foundation of each file will be an agreement between TSS and the contractor outlining the work to be done, the conditions under which it will be accomplished, the estimated costs of so doing, etc. Wherever possible, this agreement will be signed by both parties, but in extreme cases need not be signed by the contractor. In such an event, it is still necessary to prepare such a document outlining the verbal agreement and listing dates and places when meetings took place.

(b) At the same time, the Division Chief will prepare a memorandum for file outlining the scope of the program, the reasons for its activation, etc., and containing all pertinent information. This memorandum will bear the following:

PROGRAM APPROVED AND RECOMMENDED: [ruled blank] Research Chairman Date: [ruled blank]

APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION OF FUNDS: [ruled blank] Research Director Date: [ruled blank]

Textual notes on this leaf (6)

21 April 1953

Typed at the head right. The OCR layer reads the '2' as a 'Z'; the figure is a clear typed 2 on the page.

PROGRAM APPROVED AND RECOMMENDED / APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION OF FUNDS

The two certification panels are the FORM the memorandum prescribes, printed here unexecuted: both signature rules and both date rules are empty. This is not a redaction and not a missing page - the leaf is describing the certification that subproject memoranda are to carry. Rendered as two blocks side by side in the source; set one after the other here, with '[ruled blank]' for each typed rule. CONFIRM the arrangement when the leaf is set.

etc., and containing all pertinent information.

The comma after 'etc.' is a light strike that the OCR layer reads as a '1'. Read as a comma on the page. CONFIRM.

In brief:

A stray mark follows the colon and is read by the OCR layer as an underscore; on the page it is a speck. Not transcribed.

ink strokes

A column of ink strokes runs down the lower right of the leaf, through the 'Research Director' rule and the 'Date:' rule beneath it; the same reproduction defect that marks report pp33-35. Not text.

no page number

The first leaf of the 21 April memorandum carries no typed page number; the sequence begins '- 2 -' on the following leaf. 'printed' is null.

(c) When preparing (b), the Division Chief will also prepare a memorandum addressed to the Comptroller, Attention: Finance Division. This memorandum will state that subproject [ruled blank] has been approved, and $[ruled blank] of the over-all project MKULTRA funds have been obligated to cover the project's expenses. This memorandum will be signed by the Division Chief and will provide space for the approval of the Research Director and the Research Chairman as outlined above. This memorandum will allow Finance to obligate funds so they will not be lost at the end of the Fiscal Year and will provide a document against which action can be taken when invoices are later presented for payment. This memorandum should contain absolutely no technical details or information as to the scope of the work. Copies of the memorandum will be prepared for:

Comptroller, Original and 2(2)

Exec. Sec'y., Res. Board - 1

TSS/Budget - 1

TSS Registry - 1

Initiating Division, whatever number is required

[typed figure struck through(1); '2' written beside it in ink]

(d) Memoranda (b) and (c) will be presented together to the Research Director and the Research Chairman for signature. Memorandum (b) will be returned for inclusion in the project file, and memorandum (c) will be routed to TSS/Budget, TSS/Supply & Services, TSS Registry and Comptroller.

(e) It will be the responsibility of the Division Chief handling the project to see that the Research Director is kept informed of progress and that reports, correspondence with the contractor and other documents are kept in the project file.

(f) When an invoice is received by the Division, it shall be forwarded to Chief, Finance Division, via TSS/Budget Officer, with a memorandum stating it applies to subproject [ruled blank] under Project MKULTRA. The memorandum should provide any special instructions involving method of payment, i. e., whether by check or cash, etc. The following certifications must appear on the invoice or be

- 2 -

Textual notes on this leaf (9)

Comptroller, Original and 2

AMENDED ON THE PAGE. The typed figure after 'Original and' is struck through in ink and a handwritten '2' stands beside it. The struck figure cannot be read under the stroke - it has the mass of a '3' or a '5' but nothing is legible, and it is NOT read. Transcribed as the line finally reads, with the amendment recorded in the annotation block above. CONFIRM.

subproject [ruled blank] has been approved, and $[ruled blank] of the

Two typed rules stand in the sentence where a subproject number and a dollar figure are to be filled in - the memorandum is prescribing a form. They are blanks in the original, NOT redactions: the rules are typed underscores of even length with no white box and no exemption citation. Rendered '[ruled blank]'. A third such rule stands in item (f) before 'under Project MKULTRA'.

When preparing (b), the Division Chief

A speck stands between 'preparing' and '(b)' which both OCR layers read as a full stop. Read as a speck on the page; not transcribed. CONFIRM.

over-all

Hyphenated as typed. PRESERVED.

TSS/Supply & Services

Typed ampersand; the OCR layer reads it as 'It'. Transcribed from the page.

Exec. Sec'y., Res. Board - 1

Apostrophe and stops as typed. PRESERVED.

payment, i.e., whether by check or cash, etc.

Stops and commas as typed. PRESERVED.

kept informed / inclusion

Both broken across a line on the page ('in-' | 'formed'; 'inclu-' | 'sion') and closed up per the transcription rules.

ink strokes

The same column of ink strokes runs down the lower right of the leaf, over the classification stamp and the page number. Not text.

attached to it:

(1) "It is hereby certified(1) that this is Invoice No. [ruled blank] applying to subproject [ruled blank] of Project MKULTRA, that technical performance by (name of the contractor) has been satisfactory, that the work was accomplished in accordance with the mutual agreement reached with (name of contractor), that this bill is just and correct and that payment thereof has not yet been made.

Date: [ruled blank] [ruled blank] (Division Chief)"

(2) "It is hereby certified that this invoice applies to subproject [ruled blank] under Project MKULTRA which was duly approved and that the project has been carried out in accordance with the DD/P memorandum to DCI dated 3 April 1953 and the DCI memorandum to DD/A dated 13 April 1953. Payment is authorized and requested.

Date: [ruled blank] [ruled blank] Research Director"

(3) "It is hereby certified that the scope of the program of subproject [ruled blank] of Project MKULTRA has been approved.

Date: [ruled blank] [ruled blank] Exec. Sec'y., Res. Bd."

TSS/OC:cvsr/jel(2) (20 April 1953)

Distribution:

TSS/OC - Orig. & 1

TSS/CD - 1

TSS/ADMIN - 1

- 3 -

Textual notes on this leaf (7)

Invoice No. [ruled blank] / subproject [ruled blank]

Five typed rules stand on this leaf - one in certification (1) after 'Invoice No.', one after 'applying to subproject', one in (2) after 'subproject', one in (3) after 'subproject', and a pair beside each of the three 'Date:' lines. They are blanks in the form the memorandum is prescribing, NOT redactions: typed underscores, no white box, no exemption citation. Rendered '[ruled blank]'.

(name of the contractor) / (name of contractor)

The parenthetical placeholders are typed as they stand, and they differ between the two occurrences - 'the contractor' the first time, 'contractor' the second. The document's own inconsistency. PRESERVED.

technical performance by

'performance' and 'by' run together on the page with no space, and the OCR layer reads 'performari°ceby'. Read as two words. CONFIRM the spacing.

TSS/OC - Orig. & 1

An ink stroke crosses the 'T' of 'TSS' on this line, as it does on the corresponding line of report p39. Read as a reader's tick, not as a deletion - the line is otherwise intact and the same office is named in the office symbol above. CONFIRM.

Exec. Sec'y., Res. Bd."

Abbreviations and apostrophe as typed; the closing quotation mark follows 'Bd.'. On report p42 the same office is spelled 'Exec. Sec'y., Res. Board' in the copy list of the previous leaf. PRESERVED, both.

TSS/OC:cvsr/jel (20 April 1953)

The drafting symbol carries a date one day BEFORE the memorandum's own date of 21 April 1953. As typed. PRESERVED, and worth an annotation.

the three certifications

Each of (1), (2) and (3) opens with a double quotation mark and closes with one after the typed title beneath its date rule. The quotation marks are the document's own, marking wording to be copied onto invoices. PRESERVED.

To Leo for file(2)

[redacted]

[redacted]

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

22 July 1960

MKDELTA MATERIALS

Rescission: [redacted] 20 October 1952

1. GENERAL

a. MKDELTA materials are certain chemical and biological materials (including K and L tablets(1)) capable of producing human behavioral or physiological changes. Such materials may be obtained only in accordance with the provisions of this instruction.

b. The provisions of the instruction are not intended to cover those materials commonly known as harassment materials.

2. POLICY

a. The use of MKDELTA materials will be limited to situations in the exercise of official duties which clearly justify such use.

b. Their issuance will be strictly controlled and will require in each instance the written approval of the Deputy Director (Plans).

c. MKDELTA materials not used for the purpose for which they were issued will be promptly returned to TSD; on-the-shelf storage against possible future needs will not be permitted.

3. PROCEDURES

a. Informal discussion of the requirement to determine its technical feasibility will be held with TSD before preparation of any formal request or any coordination with other elements.

b. Requests for the issuance of these materials will be prepared in memorandum form for the signature of the Chief or Deputy Chief of the Operating Division or Staff concerned. No other signature is authorized.

c. This memorandum will be routed first to any other division(s) or staff(s) whose coordination is necessary, then to the Chief, TSD, who will append his comments and return it to the originator for transmittal to the Deputy Director (Plans) for approval. Transmittal of the memorandum will be on an Eyes Only basis.

d. Procedures used in the past that may have differed from the above will no longer be used.

[marginal marks]

1

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

To Leo for file

Handwritten note at the head right, two words over two words. 'for file' is clear; the first line reads as 'To Leo' - the second word is a short name beginning with a capital L and ending in a round letter, and no name is confirmable from any other page of the release. PROVISIONAL. CONFIRM.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT / Rescission: [redacted] 20 October 1952

Three white boxes on this leaf, all cited '(b)(3)' in the right margin: one above 'TECHNICAL SUPPORT', one at the head left where the instruction's series and number would stand, and one on the Rescission line before the 1952 date. The withheld matter is component or series identification, not narrative. Nothing under any box is legible.

TSD (three times, where the OCR reads TSO)

'TSD' - Technical Services Division - in policy item c. and procedures item a. The OCR layer reads the D as an O on both. Read from the page and against the report body, which uses TSD throughout. CONFIRM.

1. GENERAL / 2. POLICY / 3. PROCEDURES

Section numbers are typed with a full stop and the headings in capitals. The OCR layer renders all three numbers wrongly ('l.', 'I.', 'I.'). Read from the page.

K and L tablets

As typed, in parentheses. PRESERVED - the only place in the whole report where the tablets are named.

on-the-shelf / Eyes Only

Hyphens and capitals as typed. PRESERVED.

page number '1'

The folio on this leaf and the next is a bare figure above the classification stamp, not the '- n -' form used in the 1953 tabs. Recorded in 'printed' as '1'.

leaf absent from the 1977-era release

This leaf, its continuation, the Tab C divider and the funding table (report pp43-46) are present only in the 2019 re-review. There is no second copy to check a doubtful reading against, so every CONFIRM flag on these four leaves has to be settled on this scan alone.

[redacted]

[redacted]

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

22 July 1960

4. RECORDS

The Chief, TSD, will maintain a record of all issuances, to include the date of issuance, the name and signature of the immediate recipient, and a reference to the approved memorandum request, which he will keep in a readily available supporting file.

[marginal mark]

RICHARD M. BISSELL, JR.(1) Deputy Director (Plans)

2

Textual notes on this leaf (6)

RICHARD M. BISSELL, JR.

DEFECT OF RECORD, not of transcription: the instruction is UNSIGNED on this copy. The typed name, title and '(Plans)' stand alone with blank paper above them - no ink signature and no conformed '/s/' of the kind carried by the 13 April 1953 Dulles memorandum on report p39. Worth an annotation.

The Chief, TSD, will maintain a record of all issuances

Section 4 has no lettered sub-item: the paragraph runs directly under the heading, unlike sections 1-3 on the preceding leaf. As typed. PRESERVED.

TSD

The OCR layer again reads the D of TSD as an O. Read from the page. CONFIRM.

reference

Broken across a line ('refer-' | 'ence') on the page and closed up per the transcription rules.

ink circles down the right edge

Four open ink circles and a hooked stroke run down the right edge of the leaf inside the black scan band, at even spacing - the reproduction of binder holes or ring marks in the paper beneath. They are NOT punch holes at the head (those appear separately at the top, as on every leaf) and they are not text. Recorded because they are conspicuous and will be visible in the facsimile.

page number '2'

A bare figure above the classification stamp, matching the '1' on the preceding leaf. Recorded in 'printed' as '2'.

FY | RESEARCH PROGRAM | MKULTRA | % | TOTAL

1960 | 9,225,798 | 879,004 | 8.7 | 10,104,802

1961 | 10,672,462 | 930,601 | 8.0 | 11,603,063

1962 | 10,470,109 | [redacted] | 11.9(1) | [illegible]78,999

1963* | 7,495,273 | [redacted] | 7.3 | 8,087,687

* Through 8 May 1963(2).

Textual notes on this leaf (6)

[illegible]78,999

DEFECT OF THE RELEASE, not a redaction. The FY1962 total is NOT inside the white box, but the release's own exemption citations '(b)(1)' and '(b)(3)' are printed across the position of its leading digits, so only the last five characters can be read. The digits are not withheld and are not guessed. This leaf is absent from the 1977-era release, so no second copy exists to read them from. CONFIRM against any future scan.

the MKULTRA column, FY1962 and FY1963

Both figures are under one white box cited '(b)(1)' and '(b)(3)'. Nothing under it is legible and nothing is guessed. NOTE FOR THE EDITOR, offered as an observation about the released record and NOT as a reading: the two complete rows of the table are internally consistent - RESEARCH PROGRAM plus MKULTRA equals TOTAL, and MKULTRA divided by TOTAL gives the printed percentage to a tenth - so the released columns constrain the withheld figures arithmetically. Whether to say so in an annotation is an editorial decision; no derived figure is entered in this transcription.

%

The fourth column head is a single underlined glyph read as a per-cent sign in a clogged typewriter face. Both OCR layers miss it. CONFIRM.

the twelve figures

Every money figure is typed over a struck underscore rule and reproduced thickly. All were read at 1200 dpi. The two complete rows check arithmetically (9,225,798 + 879,004 = 10,104,802; 10,672,462 + 930,601 = 11,603,063), which corroborates those six readings; the FY1962 and FY1963 research-programme figures and the FY1963 total have no such check and stand on the reading alone. CONFIRM all three.

page orientation

The table is typed across the leaf in landscape and occupies only the upper portion of the scanned page; the lower half is blank paper. A heavy black scan border runs down the left edge and across the head, and the top-left corner is folded. No classification stamp of any kind appears on this leaf, and there is no page number - 'printed' is null.

leaf absent from the 1977-era release

Present only in the 2019 re-review, as with report pp43-45. This is the funding table whose absence from the 1977-era copy is recorded in the acquisition manifest.

Order restored. Folder leaves are printed in the order of their dates. In the Reading Room file this folder runs newest-first; this leaf is folio 3-18 of nineteen. No leaf has been altered.

3-18

DRAFT [redacted]

21 May 1953

MEMORANDUM FOR: THE RECORD

SUBJECT: Project MKULTRA, Subproject 3

1. This project will involve the realistic testing of certain research and development items of interest to CD/TSS.

2. During the course of research and development it is sometimes found that certain very necessary experiments or tests are not suited to ordinary laboratory conditions. At the same time it would be difficult, if not impossible, to conduct them as operational field tests. This project is designed to provide facilities to fill this intermediate requirement.

3. This project will be conducted by [redacted] Certain support activities will be provided by CD/TSS and APD/TSS.

4. The total cost of this project for a period of one year will not exceed $8,875.00.

[redacted] Chemical Division/TSS

APPROVED: [redacted] [signed] for SIDNEY GOTTLIEB(2) Chief, Chemical Division, TSS

PROGRAM APPROVED AND RECOMMENDED: [redacted] Research Chairman Date: MAY 2[illegible] 1953

APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION OF FUNDS: [redacted] Research Director Date: 25 May, 1953.

Original Only.(1)

Textual notes on this leaf (9)

[signed] for SIDNEY GOTTLIEB

SIGNIFICANT READING. The name is not typed anywhere on this leaf: it is written in ink in hand-lettered capitals, underlined, and preceded by a short cursive word read as 'for'. On its face the memorandum was therefore signed by someone else on Gottlieb's behalf - the same class of finding as the conformed '/s/' on the 13 April 1953 Dulles memorandum (T1 report p39). The cursive word is small and could conceivably be initials rather than 'for'. CONFIRM before any annotation relies on it.

Date: MAY 2[illegible] 1953

A rubber date stamp on the Research Chairman's line. 'MAY', the '2' and '1953' are clear; the second day figure has broken to two specks and is NOT read. The facing handwritten date on the Research Director's line reads 25 May, 1953, which would make the stamp 'MAY 25 1953', but that is inference from another field and is not entered. CONFIRM.

Date: 25 May, 1953.

Handwritten in ink on the Research Director's line, with a comma after the month and a full stop at the end, as written. PRESERVED. CONFIRM the day figure.

$8,875.00

The figure is clear at 900 dpi; both the thousands comma and the decimal point are typed. The OCR layer renders it '$8,875,pQ'. Transcribed from the page.

CD/TSS and APD/TSS

Both office symbols read from the page; the OCR layer renders the first as 'CP/TSS'. The same two symbols appear on SP16 folio 16-32. CONFIRM.

seven black boxes

This is a reading-room folder copy, so the withholding is BLACK boxes with a handwritten exemption letter in the right margin - 'A' beside five of them and 'C' beside the one in paragraph 3. The block at the head left carries no letter. Nothing under any box is legible and nothing is guessed.

DRAFT

The memorandum is a DRAFT, typed at the head, and the leaf also says 'Original Only.' at the foot. Both are the document's own words. PRESERVED.

no page number

The leaf carries no typed page number - only the handwritten reading-room folio 3-18 at the top right. 'printed' is null.

ink rings round the punch holes

Both punch holes at the head have a hand-drawn ink ring round them, and a further ink stroke stands below the folio. Reader's marks, not text.

3-19

DRAFT

COST ESTIMATE FOR ONE YEAR

RENTAL (on 2 year 4 month lease) of suitable premises for one year at $235.00 per month(1) plus one month "security" deposit | $3,055.00

| 120.00

TELEPHONE | 1,000.00

MAIL SERVICE | 300.00

ELECTRICITY AND GAS | 400.00

AIR CONDITIONING | 500.00

SPECIAL ALTERATIONS | 2,500.00

FURNISHINGS, including linens and kitchen equipment | 500.00

MISCELLANEOUS | 500.00

CONTINGENCIES(2) * |

| $8,875.00

* Added by CD/TSS

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

the money column may be set one line high

MATERIAL AMBIGUITY - do not let an annotation assign a figure to a named item until it is settled. There are TEN labelled lines (RENTAL through CONTINGENCIES) but only NINE money figures above the rule. Read strictly by vertical alignment, '120.00' stands on a blank line between the RENTAL entry and TELEPHONE and CONTINGENCIES has no figure at all; read as a column typed one line high, every label from TELEPHONE down shifts one figure later and CONTINGENCIES takes the last 500.00. The arithmetic does not decide it: the nine figures sum to $8,875.00 either way, which matches the rule total and paragraph 4 of folio 3-18. The transcription above records the strict vertical alignment, with the orphan figure on its own row. CONFIRM against a better scan before any figure is quoted for TELEPHONE, MAIL SERVICE, SPECIAL ALTERATIONS, FURNISHINGS or CONTINGENCIES.

$3,055.00 = $235.00 x 13

The rental line prices twelve months plus a one-month 'security' deposit at $235.00, which is $3,055.00 exactly - so the RENTAL figure is corroborated by the page's own words and is not affected by the column ambiguity above.

"security" deposit

The word 'security' is typed inside double quotation marks on the page. PRESERVED.

* Added by CD/TSS

The footnote says the CONTINGENCIES line was added by CD/TSS - i.e. the estimate was amended after it was drawn. As typed. PRESERVED, and worth an annotation.

DRAFT

Handwritten here, in ink, across the head redaction - not typed as it is on folio 3-18. Recorded as an annotation block, not as document text. CONFIRM the reading.

the money figures

All nine figures plus the total read at 900 dpi. '2,500.00' and '$8,875.00' are the least crisp; the total is corroborated by folio 3-18 paragraph 4. CONFIRM the rest.

no page number

No typed page number; only the handwritten reading-room folio 3-19 at the top right. 'printed' is null.

no classification stamp

Unlike folio 3-18 this leaf carries no TOP SECRET stamp - the foot is blank apart from redaction box 2. Recorded because the pair is meant to be read together.

Order restored. From the Subproject 16 folder, folio 16-32 of thirty-four; the other leaves of that folder are not reproduced (see the edition notes). Printed here in date order.

16-32

DRAFT [redacted]

2 October 1953

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD

SUBJECT: Project MKULTRA, Subproject 16

1. Subproject 16 is a continuation of Subproject 3(1), which involved the establishment and maintenance of facilities for the realistic testing of certain research and development items of interest to CD/TSS and APD/TSS. The facilities were set up under Subproject 3, and Subproject 16 is intended to provide for the continued maintenance of the facilities.

2. Subproject 3 was originally intended to provide funds for the maintenance of the facilities for one year; but it turns out that the costs of alterations, equipment, and initial supplies were underestimated in Subproject 3; hence the necessity to establish Subproject 16 at this time.

3. Subproject 16 will be conducted by [redacted], a [redacted] Certain support activities will be provided by CD/TSS and APD/TSS.

4. The estimated cost for a period of one year is $7,740.00(2).

[redacted] [signed] for SIDNEY GOTTLIEB Chief Chemical Division, TSS

PROGRAM APPROVED AND RECOMMENDED: [redacted] Research Chairman Date: [redacted]

APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION OF FUNDS: [redacted] Research Director Date: 13 Oct 1953.

Original Only.

Textual notes on this leaf (9)

[signed] for SIDNEY GOTTLIEB

A short cursive ink mark of two or three letters stands immediately before the TYPED name, in the same position and of the same form as the mark read as 'for' on SP3 folio 3-18 - but here it is compressed into the space before the S and cannot be read as a word. It is recorded as a signature mark, not read. Whether the two leaves were signed by the same hand, and whether either was signed by Gottlieb himself, is an open question of record. CONFIRM; do not let an annotation assert that Gottlieb signed either leaf until it is settled.

Date: 13 Oct 1953.

Handwritten in ink on the Research Director's line, with a full stop at the end, as written. The month is a compressed cursive 'Oct'. CONFIRM the day figure.

Date: [redacted]

The Research Chairman's date rule is obliterated by a thick ink stroke rather than by a printed box, and no exemption letter stands beside it. Whether a date was ever entered cannot be told. Compare SP3 folio 3-18, where the Research Chairman's date is a legible rubber stamp.

TOP SECRET stamps cancelled

Both classification stamps are struck through with heavy ink strokes - the declassification cancellation. Recorded in 'stamps', not as body text.

conducted by [redacted], a [redacted]

Two black boxes in paragraph 3 under a single marginal 'C'. The construction 'by [name], a [description]' matches the 24 January 1955 SP42 memorandum, which reads 'conducted by Mr. [redacted] a seaman'. Nothing under either box is legible and nothing is guessed.

$7,740.00

Read from the page and corroborated by the 5 October 1953 memorandum for the Comptroller at SP16 folio 16-34, which obligates the same figure. CONFIRM.

underestimated

Broken across a line ('under-' | 'estimated') on the page and closed up per the transcription rules. The OCR layer drops the hyphen AND mis-spells the word.

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD

No colon after 'FOR' on this leaf, where SP3 folio 3-18 has one. The document's own inconsistency. PRESERVED.

no page number

No typed page number; only the handwritten reading-room folio 16-32 at the top right. 'printed' is null.

Order restored. From the Subproject 42 folder, folio 42-127. The folder runs newest-first (42-1 is the latest leaf); this edition prints its selected leaves by date. No leaf has been altered.

42-127

DRAFT [redacted]

24 January 1955

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD

SUBJECT: Project MKULTRA, Subproject 42

1. Subproject 42 is being established to provide for the continued support of the [redacted] facilities, and as such, is a continuation of Subproject 16(1). Under Subproject 42, it is intended that the [redacted] facilities be moved from [redacted] to [redacted] These facilities, in the new location, will continue to provide a means for the realistic testing of certain R and D items of interest to CD/TSS and APD/TSS.

2. Subproject 42 will be conducted by Mr. [redacted] a seaman(2). Certain support activities will be provided by CD/TSS and APD/TSS.

3. The estimated cost for a period of one year is $8,300.00, starting 1 March 1955.

[redacted] [signed] for SIDNEY GOTTLIEB Chief TSS/Chemical Division

APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION OF FUNDS: [redacted] Research Director Date: 27 Jan. 1955

APPROVED FOR ADDITIONAL OBLIGATION OF FUNDS:($2,089.34) [redacted] Research Director Date: June 27 - 1956

Original Only.

Textual notes on this leaf (10)

APPROVED FOR ADDITIONAL OBLIGATION OF FUNDS:($2,089.34)

SIGNIFICANT: the leaf carries TWO approval panels. The right-hand one is a later addition - a further $2,089.34 approved on 27 June 1956, seventeen months after the original approval of 27 January 1955 - typed onto the same sheet rather than onto a new memorandum. The figure is legible at 300 dpi. CONFIRM the cents.

[signed] for SIDNEY GOTTLIEB

As on SP16 folio 16-32: a short cursive ink mark stands immediately before the typed name, in the same position and of the same form as the mark read as 'for' on SP3 folio 3-18. Three leaves now carry the same pattern. Recorded as a signature mark, not read. CONFIRM before any annotation asserts that Gottlieb signed.

Mr. [redacted] a seaman.

No comma is visible between the box and 'a seaman' - whether one was typed under the box cannot be told. The construction matches SP16 folio 16-32 ('conducted by [redacted], a [redacted]'), where the comma IS outside the box. PRESERVED as it reads.

moved from [redacted] to [redacted]

Two place names withheld. The first box runs off the end of one line and continues at the start of the next; it is treated as one withholding and marked once. Nothing under either box is legible and nothing is guessed - in particular the transcription does not name a city.

Date: 27 Jan. 1955 / Date: June 27 - 1956

Both handwritten, in different hands and different styles (day-month-year with an abbreviated month against month-day-year with a dash). As written. PRESERVED. CONFIRM both.

TSS/Chemical Division

The office is typed 'TSS/Chemical Division' here, where SP16 folio 16-32 has 'Chemical Division, TSS' and SP3 folio 3-18 has 'Chemical Division/TSS'. Three forms across three leaves. PRESERVED, each as typed.

R and D

Spelled out with 'and', not '&' or 'R&D'. PRESERVED.

$8,300.00, starting 1 March 1955

Read from the page; the OCR layer sets the '1' of '1 March' as a lower-case l. CONFIRM.

no page number

No typed page number; only the handwritten reading-room folio 42-127 at the top right. 'printed' is null.

TOP SECRET stamp cancelled

The head stamp is struck through with a heavy ink stroke - the declassification cancellation. There is no foot stamp on this leaf.

42-156

1 August 1955

MEMORANDUM FOR: THE RECORD

SUBJECT : Discussion with [redacted] Concerning Past and Future Accounting for Funds.

1. The points raised in the recent audit(1) of the [redacted] accounts (MKULTRA, Subprojects 13, 16 and 42) were discussed with Mr. [redacted] in order to obtain more complete accountings where possible and to give instructions for future accountings.

2. The following points mentioned in the auditor's report are discussed in the order they are in that report, starting with paragraph 30.

3. All available receipts are now on hand in TSS/CD.

4. Bank statements and checks for the bank in [redacted] are missing for the months of October and December 1954, January and March 1955, and for the [redacted] bank they are missing for the month 24 February to 24 March 1955. Mr. [redacted] states these are not in his files and he is certain they were forwarded to TSS/CD. It is not known where these records were lost. Mr. [redacted] will request duplicate statements from the banks. If feasible, photostats of the checks indicated in the statements will be obtained from the bank. However, Mr. [redacted] pointed out it is generally a major task to obtain photostats of checks from a bank.

5. A declaration of trust(2) for the bank account in [redacted] has been signed by [redacted] and is on file in TSS/CD.

6. The attached written instructions were given to Mr. [redacted] on the submission of future accountings. He was given a number of small account books and instructed to send in one each month, together with all receipts, etc.

7. Check #053, cashed 15 April 1954, which bears the notation "[redacted] trip", was questioned by the auditor. An approximate breakdown of the funds involved has been signed by Mr. [redacted] This is the best that can be reconstructed at this date. Current instructions call for more detailed accounting for future trips.

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

MKULTRA, Subprojects 13, 16 and 42

The three subprojects are named together in one audit line - the sentence that ties the New York and San Francisco safehouses to a single operation. Read clearly at 300 dpi.

fifteen black boxes

Every withheld string on this leaf is a name or a place, and every one carries the exemption letter 'C' - four of them written in the LEFT margin rather than the right, which is unusual for this folder. Two further black blocks, at the head and at the foot, carry no letter at all; the head block stands where the classification stamp sits on the other leaves of the folder. Nothing under any box is legible and nothing is guessed.

Check #053, cashed 15 April 1954

The check number is typed with a hash. The quoted notation on it is withheld except for the word 'trip'. As typed. PRESERVED. CONFIRM the figures.

24 February to 24 March 1955

The statement period is typed as a bare 'month 24 February to 24 March 1955'. The document's own wording. PRESERVED.

obtained / instructions

'obtained' is broken across a line ('ob-' | 'tained') on the page and closed up per the transcription rules.

no signature block

This leaf carries neither a signature nor an approval panel - the memorandum runs on to the leaves that follow. Recorded so no one reads the page as complete.

no classification stamp legible

Unlike the other 42-series leaves, no TOP SECRET or SECRET stamp survives on this leaf; a black block stands in the position where the head stamp would be. 'stamps' is therefore empty. CONFIRM against a better scan.

no page number

No typed page number; only the handwritten reading-room folio 42-156, which is repeated on the three following leaves. 'printed' is null.

42-156

-2-

8. Check No. 031, cashed 6 July 1954, for cab fares, household supplies, maid service, air conditioner repairs, food, liquor(1), was questioned by the auditor. This check was cashed to obtain cash funds for the routine maintenance of the apartment. The air conditioner repairs were made by a local repairman who was paid in cash and gave no receipt. The other miscellaneous expenses were for small amounts for which receipts were not customary or not obtained. The purposes and amount appears reasonable; however, Mr. [redacted] has been instructed to provide itemized breakdowns of miscellaneous expenses in the future.

9. Check 095, cashed 31 January 1955, and check 100(2), cashed 18 February 1955, were both questioned by the Auditor. The Auditor's report says check 095 states "cleaning (not readable); landlord; household supplies", and that check 100 states "cleaning (not readable); landlord; household supplies; cab fares". The "not readable" portion of each check was identified by Mr. [redacted] as "tips to" (making the complete phrase, "tips to landlord"). Both of these checks were cashed at the time the apartment in [redacted] was being closed. In setting up the apartment in [redacted] the installation of special equipment involved extensive removal and replacement of woodwork and wall plaster. A "doorway" was constructed in the wall between the operational and monitoring apartments to allow visual surveillance and the testing of experimental photographic surveillance equipment, and a "window" was constructed in a bedroom wall to permit visual surveillance techniques. In addition, other "furnishings" and "decorations" further altered the apartment. When the apartment was given up, the equipment was removed by TSS/CD and TSS/APD personnel and the damage was repaired to the extent necessary to hide the nature of the operations. It was felt the remaining alterations, etc., such as the opening between the two apartments, could be explained by Mr. [redacted] original cover story to the landlord. However, it was obvious that more than reasonable reconditioning would be needed by the landlord to prepare the apartment for a new tenant and that it would be best that the landlord accept some changes as permanent. Negotiations between the landlord and Mr. [redacted] were conducted on an informal basis, and the "tips to landlord" were to clear up any difficulties about the alterations and damages, to facilitate release from the lease, and for extra efforts on the part of the landlord to obtain a new tenant to take over the unexpired lease. No receipts were involved. The "cleaning" portion was related to preparing the apartment for transfer back to the landlord. Mr. [redacted] has been instructed that expenses are to be itemized in the future, rather than grouped together.

[marginal marks]

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

Check No. 031, cashed 6 July 1954

The check number is 031, read at 1200 dpi - the OCR layer gives '081' and the 300-dpi render is ambiguous between 0 and 8. Read as 031. The date is broken across the line ('6 Ju' | 'ly 1954') and closed up.

A "doorway" was constructed in the wall between the operational and monitoring apartments

The most consequential sentences on this leaf, and they are clean typescript at 300 dpi: the doorway, the bedroom-wall 'window', the visual and photographic surveillance, and the repair of the damage 'to the extent necessary to hide the nature of the operations'. The document's own quotation marks round 'doorway', 'window', 'furnishings' and 'decorations' are its own and are PRESERVED.

such as the opening between the two apartments

The OCR layer loses 'opening' entirely (it returns a run of underscores). Read from the page, where the word is typed over a struck underline. CONFIRM.

TSS/CD and TSS/APD personnel

The OCR layer renders the second symbol 'rss/A..~'. Read from the page as TSS/APD, the office named on the SP3 and SP16 memoranda. CONFIRM.

the "tips to landlord"

The memorandum explains a check notation the auditor could not read: the withheld name identified the missing words as 'tips to', making 'tips to landlord'. The quotation marks are the document's own. PRESERVED.

eight black boxes

All eight carry the exemption letter 'C', one of them written in the LEFT margin. Two further black blocks, at the head and at the foot, carry no letter. Two of the boxes withhold the place-name after 'the apartment in' - the transcription does not name a city.

check 095 / check 100 / cab fares".

The closing quotation mark after 'cab fares' is read from the page; the OCR layer renders it as a zero. CONFIRM.

page number '-2-'

Typed at the HEAD, not the foot, in the form '-2-' with no spaces - unlike the '- 2 -' of the 1953 tabs in the IG report. Recorded in 'printed' as '2'.

42-156

-3-

10. The auditor indicated that facts regarding the financial status of the lease for the [redacted] apartment should be defined. The lease was written for a period of 28 months, ending 30 September 1955. The apartment was vacated in February 1955, and the lease was cancelled so the last payment was for February 1955. There was a loss of one month's rent, which was paid at the time the lease was executed, as an advance deposit.

11. A check issued 23 January 1954 to the [redacted] Company was questioned by the auditor. This check was for gasoline purchased from the [redacted] Company. The gasoline was used by an unwitting individual who used his private automobile to assist Mr. [redacted] in the project operations. Instructions which have been given to Mr. [redacted] call for further documentation of such expenditures in the future. A certificate has been submitted by Mr. [redacted] regarding this expenditure.

12. The auditor requested explanation or identification as to date and purpose for three adding machine tapes(2). It is impossible to identify these tapes accurately. Instructions which have been given Mr. [redacted] should prevent the appearance of unidentifiable tapes in the future.

13. The auditor pointed out there is an insurance certificate(1) showing a $25 premium on a shipment of household effects, but there is no evidence that it has been paid. Mr. [redacted] stated that this premium was included in the bill for moving the household effects. The moving bill and the cancelled check covering the bill are on hand in TSS/CD.

14. It is felt that the recommendations made by the auditor are fully covered in the attached written instructions prepared for Mr. [redacted] A copy, signed by Mr. [redacted] is on file in TSS/CD, and one copy, together with a supply of monthly account booklets, was left with Mr. [redacted] In one respect the recommendations of the auditor were altered in that Mr. [redacted] was instructed to submit accountings, checks, receipts, etc., monthly, rather than quarterly. It is intended that these will be scrutinized by TSS/CD at the time they are received, and any additional supporting statements felt necessary will be prepared or obtained from Mr. [redacted]

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

an unwitting individual who used his private automobile

Paragraph 11 is the one place in the audit discussion where the word 'unwitting' is used of a person assisting the project rather than of a test subject. Read clearly at 300 dpi. Worth an annotation - and worth NOT conflating with the unwitting testing described in the IG report.

insurance certificate showing a $25 premium

Paragraph 13 refers to the Certificate of Insurance bound elsewhere in this folder (source p228), which is third-party paper and is excluded from the facsimile. The memorandum's own account of it is CIA-authored and stands.

The lease was written for a period of 28 months, ending 30 September 1955

The lease term is given in the memorandum itself. This is the same lease whose printed form (source pp131-132) is excluded as third-party paper, so the memorandum is the only place the term can be shown from a government page. CONFIRM the figures.

thirteen black boxes

All thirteen carry the exemption letter 'C'; two further black blocks, at the head and at the foot, carry no letter. Every withheld string on this leaf is a name or a company name - the transcription names neither.

one month's rent

The apostrophe is typed; the OCR layer renders it 'month!s'. Read from the page.

cancelled check / cancelled

The doubled 'l' of 'cancelled' beside the American 'check'. As typed. PRESERVED.

certificate / certi-ficate / sub-mit / house-hold / pur-chased

All broken across lines on the page and closed up per the transcription rules.

page number '-3-'

Typed at the HEAD, matching the preceding leaf. Recorded in 'printed' as '3'.

42-156

-4-

15. It is noted that the auditor was critical of the absence of reports(1) on tasks and accomplishments of the project. Reports from Mr. [redacted] concerning his activities are generally filed separately from the MKULTRA files.

[redacted] APPROVED: [signed] Chief, TSS/Chemical Division

APPROVED: [redacted] Chief, Technical Services Staff

Distribution:

Orig & 1 - TSS/CD

Textual notes on this leaf (6)

[signed] Chief, TSS/Chemical Division

THE ONE GENUINE SIGNATURE IN THIS BATCH. Unlike SP3 folio 3-18, SP16 folio 16-32 and SP42 folio 42-127 - where a name is typed or hand-lettered with a small cursive mark read as 'for' before it - this leaf carries a full autograph in a rapid cursive hand above the typed title. It is NOT reliably legible: the first word is consistent with 'Sidney' and the second with 'Gottlieb', but the strokes are not separable at 900 dpi and no name is entered in the transcription. The typed title is Gottlieb's office. CONFIRM against a signature exemplar before any annotation names the signer.

Reports from Mr. [redacted] concerning his activities are generally filed separately from the MKULTRA files.

The whole of paragraph 15, read from the image; the OCR layer returns it as noise. This sentence says the operator's activity reports were kept OUTSIDE the MKULTRA files - directly relevant to what survived the 1973 destruction. Worth an annotation. CONFIRM the wording against a better scan.

Chief, Technical Services Staff

The second approval is at Staff, not Division, level, and its signature is withheld. Typed as 'Technical Services Staff' - the form TSS stands for. PRESERVED.

Orig & 1 - TSS/CD

Typed ampersand and a spaced hyphen. PRESERVED.

no classification stamp

As on the three preceding leaves of this folio, no legible classification stamp survives; black blocks stand at the head and the foot. 'stamps' is empty.

page number '-4-'

Typed at the HEAD, matching the preceding leaves. Recorded in 'printed' as '4'. The memorandum therefore runs to four leaves under one folio number, 42-156.

42-144

S/P #42

INVENTORY(1) OF [redacted]

1 - easel

1 - unfinished painting(2)

1 - set - ass't painting equipment

1 - pr. drapes

1 - floor lamp

2 - iron cots w/mattresses and throw covers

4 - throw pillows

4 - bolsters

3 - framed wall pictures

2 - framed wall prints

1 - standing ash receptacle

1 - radio-phono combination

1 - cabinet

1 - cabinet-bar

3 - wall drapes

1 - hassock

1 - typewriter

1 - leather stool

1 - wall mirror

2 - bar mirrors

1 - TV set w/antenna

2 - bookcases

- ass't books

4 - table lamps w/shades

1 - wastebasket

1 - coffee table

1 - cotton rug - wall-to-wall, including hall

1 - end table

2 - flower pots

3 - vases--2 glass, 1 pottery

1 - stuffed chair

2 - busts

12 - ash trays

2 - bar lamps

1 - air conditioner (bedroom)

1 - table

1 - wall mirror

2 - ash trays

2 - statuettes

1 - wall decoration

1 - wall cabinet fixture

1 - framed picture

1 - trash receptacle

1 - chair

1 - table

1 - ice bucket

1 - wall cabinet fixture

1 - Waring blender

- ass't kitchen ware

1 - set window curtains

I have [illegible] examined and approved the above listed [illegible].

[signed] Chief, Chemical Division

21 Dec. 1955

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

2 - bar mirrors / 1 - wall mirror / 3 - wall mirrors / 1 - sliding door mirror (wall)

The mirrors are the detail the operation is remembered for, and they are simply items in a furniture list here. Recorded exactly as typed, in their typed order, and NOT gathered together: the leaf lists 'wall mirror' and 'bar mirrors' among the living-room items and the rest on the second leaf. An annotation may point at them; the transcription must not rearrange them.

INVENTORY OF [redacted]

The heading's object is blacked out under the typed underline, with a circled exemption letter 'C' above it. Nothing under it is legible and nothing is guessed - the transcription does not name a place.

S/P #42

Handwritten at the top left in a loose hand, underlined. The characters read as an S, a stroke, a P, a hash and the figures 4 and 2 - i.e. the file's own shorthand for Subproject 42 - but the hand is cursive and compressed. PROVISIONAL. CONFIRM.

I have [illegible] examined and approved the above listed [illegible].

The certification typed above the signature is very faint on this copy; roughly half the words can be read. Recorded with [illegible] for what cannot, NOT reconstructed. CONFIRM against a better scan - the 2004 TIFF release (DOC_0000017440) may carry a cleaner copy of this leaf.

[signed] Chief, Chemical Division

A genuine autograph in ink, the second in this batch after SP42 folio 42-156 leaf 4. Not reliably legible as a name; no name is entered. The typed title beneath is faint and read only in part. CONFIRM.

21 Dec. 1955

Handwritten in ink, running vertically up the right edge beside the black bar. The month is abbreviated with a full stop. CONFIRM.

ass't / pr. / w/ / 12 - ash trays ... 2 - ash trays

The typist's abbreviations are kept as typed. 'ash trays' appears twice with different counts, and 'wall cabinet fixture', 'wall mirror' and 'table' each appear twice - the list is not deduplicated on the page and is not deduplicated here.

no page number, no classification stamp

The first leaf carries neither; the second is numbered '- 2 -'. 'printed' is null.

42-144

- 2 -

INVENTORY OF [redacted] (Cont'd)

1 - shower mat

1 - set shower curtains

1 - waste basket

2 - wall fixtures

1 - laundry receptacle

1 - drying rack

1 - set window curtains

- ass't towels(2)

2 - scatter rugs

2 - pr. drapes

1 - dressing table w/stool & ass't equipment

3 - wall mirrors(1)

4 - lamps

1 - waste basket

1 - dresser

1 - sliding door mirror (wall)

1 - box-spring w/mattress

2 - throw pillows

1 - headboard w/2 bookcase compartments

4 - bed pillows

3 - blankets

- ass't bed linen

1 - telescope

1 - tripod

1 - mount

1 - Revere recorder

4 - Dynamic microphones, switches & controls

1 - TV - Antenna & mast

- Sofa beds

- rugs

1 - hall runner

1 - vacuum cleaner

1 - Handi-dandi portable toilet

2 - overstuffed chairs

1 - set of bath scales

1 - vanity bench

13 - sheets

8 - pillow cases

8 - towels

1 - bedspread

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

1 - telescope / 1 - tripod / 1 - mount / 1 - Revere recorder / 4 - Dynamic microphones, switches & controls

Five consecutive lines that are surveillance equipment listed among the bed linen. Read clearly at 300 dpi. 'Revere' and 'Dynamic' are capitalised on the page - Revere is a tape-recorder maker; whether 'Dynamic' is a brand or the microphone type cannot be told from the line. Transcribed as capitalised. CONFIRM.

1 - Handi-dandi portable toilet

Read from the page with a capital H; this file's OCR layer gives 'Hami-dandi'. A proprietary name. CONFIRM.

3 - wall mirrors / 1 - sliding door mirror (wall)

The bedroom mirrors. As typed, in typed order.

- Sofa beds / - rugs

Two lines carry no count at all, as do '- ass't towels' and '- ass't bed linen'. The blank is the document's own. PRESERVED.

INVENTORY OF [redacted] (Cont'd)

As on the first leaf, the heading's object is blacked out; '(Cont'd)' is typed clear of the box. Nothing under it is guessed.

no signature, no classification stamp

The second leaf ends with the last item and carries neither a signature nor a stamp; the certification and signature are on the first leaf. Recorded so the pair is read together.

the typed blank line

A blank typed line separates the bathroom group from the bedroom group on this leaf - the list's only internal division. It carried an empty block in the first build; the block is removed and the division recorded here instead, so that no empty line reaches the setter and the grouping is not lost.

- rugs

The count is blank on this line as it is on '- Sofa beds', '- ass't towels' and '- ass't bed linen'. The space after the dash is tighter here than elsewhere and the OCR layer sets it closed up ('-rugs'); transcribed with the space, to match the other three. CONFIRM the spacing.

42-148

15 March 1956(1)

MEMORANDUM FOR : THE RECORD

SUBJECT : Extension of Authority to Operate MKULTRA Subproject 42

Subproject 42 expired officially as of 27 January 1956. However, the progress(2) of the project warrants the continuation of this program. Therefore, Subproject 42 is hereby extended for six months from the date of expiration as above. Funds are available within the project.

APPROVED: [signed] Chief, TSS/Chemical Division

Distribution:

Original only

Textual notes on this leaf (6)

Subproject 42 expired officially as of 27 January 1956.

The single-paragraph extension memorandum. The date is clean at 300 dpi; the OCR layer renders the year '19,6'. CONFIRM.

[signed] Chief, TSS/Chemical Division

A genuine autograph over a typed TITLE with no typed name - the third such autograph in this batch (with folios 42-133 and 42-156 leaf 4). It matches the hand on folio 42-133, where the typed name IS present. No name is entered here. CONFIRM by comparison with 42-133.

two obliterated stamps

One stamp at the head and one at the foot are each scribbled out with heavy ink so completely that neither the wording nor the shape can be made out. They are recorded as present-but-unreadable rather than omitted, because a facsimile page will show them. Not read.

MEMORANDUM FOR : THE RECORD

A space before the colon on this leaf, where SP42 folio 42-136 has 'MEMORANDUM FOR:' closed up. The document's own inconsistency, and the same tabbed layout as the 1963 report's 'SUBJECT :'. PRESERVED.

Extension of Authority to Operate MKULTRA Subproject 42

No comma between MKULTRA and Subproject on this leaf; folio 42-136 has 'MKULTRA, Subproject 42'. PRESERVED, each as typed.

no page number

No typed page number; only the handwritten reading-room folio 42-148. 'printed' is null.

42-136

27 June 1956

MEMORANDUM FOR: THE RECORD

SUBJECT : Extension of Authority to Operate MKULTRA, Subproject 42

1. Subproject 42 officially expires as of 1 July 1956. However, due to the increased field testing(1) requirements on the part of TSS/Chemical Division, it will be necessary to extend the project for a period of one year beginning 1 July 1956.

2. The present memorandum of agreement(2) will continue in force for the period of this extension.

APPROVED: [redacted] TSS/Chemical Division

Distribution:

Original Only - TSS/CD

TSS/CD/[redacted] (26 Jun 56)

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

increased field testing requirements

The stated reason for the one-year extension. Read clearly at 300 dpi; the OCR layer gives 't1el4'. CONFIRM.

TSS/Chemical Division

The OCR layer reads the office as 'TBS/Chemical Division' in paragraph 1. Read as TSS from the page and against the typed office line in the approval block. CONFIRM.

The present memorandum of agreement will continue in force

Paragraph 2 refers to a 'memorandum of agreement' that is not itself in the leaves transcribed here. Worth an annotation; do not assume it is any of the documents in this batch.

TSS/CD/[redacted] (26 Jun 56)

The drafting symbol carries a date one day BEFORE the memorandum's own date of 27 June 1956 - the same one-day gap as the 21 April 1953 memorandum in the IG report (T1 report p42). The drafter's initials are blacked out. As typed.

Original Only - TSS/CD

Capitalised 'Only' here; SP42 folio 42-148 has 'Original only' and SP3 folio 3-18 'Original Only.' with a stop. PRESERVED, each as typed.

no name in the approval block

Unlike folio 42-133, this leaf's approval block has no typed name at all - the black box sits directly above the office line. Nothing under it is legible.

no classification stamp

No classification stamp survives on this leaf, struck or otherwise. 'stamps' is empty.

no page number

No typed page number; only the handwritten reading-room folio 42-136. 'printed' is null.

42-133

17 August 1956

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD

SUBJECT : Accountability for Certain Expenditures under Subproject 42 of MKULTRA

1. Subproject 42 was established in part to provide the Agency with a facility for conducting experiments involving the covert administration(1) of physiologically active materials to unwitting subjects.

2. The facility was set up by providing Mr. [redacted] with a safehouse in [redacted] and furnishing him with the necessary materials and funds to carry out the approved program. Mr. [redacted] in turn carried out part of the program with the assistance of certain individuals who covertly administer this material to other people in accordance with his instructions. For their assistance in this program these individuals are paid small sums in cash(2) at irregular intervals.

3. Due to the highly unorthodox nature of these activities and the considerable risk incurred by these individuals, it is impossible to require that they provide a receipt for these payments or that they indicate the precise manner in which the funds were spent.

4. These small expenditures by Mr. [redacted] will, therefore, appear as cash withdrawals from his account for which no receipt from the ultimate recipient will be required. Each of these operations will be reported upon in detail to the Chief, TSS/Chemical Division and individually will bear his approval when Mr. [redacted] submits his monthly accounting.

[signed] SIDNEY GOTTLIEB Chief, TSS/CD

APPROVED: [redacted] Chief, DD/P/TSS Date: Aug. 20 - 1956

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

a facility for conducting experiments involving the covert administration of physiologically active materials to unwitting subjects

The Agency's own statement of what the safehouse was for, in one sentence, over Gottlieb's signature. Clean typescript at 300 dpi; no reading in paragraph 1 is doubtful.

[signed] SIDNEY GOTTLIEB

Unlike SP3 folio 3-18, SP16 folio 16-32 and SP42 folio 42-127 - where a cursive mark read as 'for' precedes the name - this leaf carries a full autograph ABOVE a typed name and title, with no 'for'. Together with SP42 folio 42-156 leaf 4 and folio 42-144 leaf 1 it gives an exemplar of the signature against which the other leaves' marks can be tested. That comparison is the single most useful thing a proofreader could do with this batch.

safehouse

Typed as one word, 'safehouse'. The 1963 IG report uses 'safehouse' too. PRESERVED.

Date: Aug. 20 - 1956

Handwritten in ink beside the blacked-out approval signature, with an abbreviated month, a spaced dash and a trailing comma. As written. CONFIRM the day figure.

Chief, DD/P/TSS

The approving office is typed 'DD/P/TSS'; the OCR layer misses the block entirely. Read from the page. CONFIRM.

the downgrading stamps

Both the head and the foot carry a four-line 1977 downgrading stamp naming authority 187475 and the date June 1977 - the paper trail of the release itself, twenty-one years after the memorandum. The head copy is struck through; the foot copy is not. The fourth line begins with a word obliterated by the strike and is recorded as [illegible]. Recorded in 'stamps', never as body text. CONFIRM the authority number.

instructions.

The stop after 'instructions' is a light strike that the OCR layer reads as a semicolon. Read as a full stop on the page. CONFIRM.

no page number

No typed page number; only the handwritten reading-room folio 42-133. 'printed' is null.

Order restored. This leaf is not from the Subproject 42 folder. It is the Agency's own later copy of the preceding memorandum, from its 1976 MKULTRA briefing book (leaf 128), placed here by the memorandum's date so the two releases can be compared.

128

17 August 1956

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD

SUBJECT : Accountability for Certain Expenditures under Subproject 42 of MKULTRA

1. Subproject 42 was established in part to provide the Agency with a facility for conducting experiments involving the covert administration of physiologically active materials to unwitting subjects.

2. The facility was set up by providing Mr. Morgan Hall with a safehouse in San Francisco(1) and furnishing him with the necessary materials and funds to carry out the approved program. Mr. Hall in turn carried out part of the program with the assistance of certain individuals who covertly administer this material to other people in accordance with his instructions. For their assistance in this program these individuals are paid small sums in cash at irregular intervals.

3. Due to the highly unorthodox nature of these activities and the considerable risk incurred by these individuals, it is impossible to require that they provide a receipt for these payments or that they indicate the precise manner in which the funds were spent.

4. These small expenditures by Mr. Hall will, therefore, appear as cash withdrawals from his account for which no receipt from the ultimate recipient will be required. Each of these operations will be reported upon in detail to the Chief, TSS/Chemical Division and individually will bear his approval when Mr. Hall submits his monthly accounting.

[signed] SIDNEY GOTTLIEB Chief, TSS/CD

APPROVED: [redacted] Chief, DD/P/TSS Date: Aug. 20 - 1956

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

Morgan Hall ... San Francisco

THE SAME MEMORANDUM AS FOLIO 42-133, UNREDACTED. Everything the folder copy withholds is typed out here: the name in paragraph 2 is Morgan Hall, the place is San Francisco, and the two later boxes are both the surname Hall. This is the Agency's own 1976 copy, made for its own briefing book, and it is the reason this edition prints the two leaves as a pair. Nothing has been read through a box on 42-133: the words come from this leaf, which does not have one.

[redacted] / Chief, DD/P/TSS

The one box this copy keeps. The approving officer's signature is withheld on the 1976 copy exactly as it is on the folder copy, and the typed title below it stands on both.

Aug. 20 - 1956

The approval date, written by hand beside the typed 'Date:'. Read from the image on both copies; the year is clear, the day is a firm '20'. CONFIRM the month abbreviation against a better scan before it is quoted anywhere but here - it is read as 'Aug.' and is consistent with the memorandum's own typed date of 17 August 1956, three days earlier.

42-2

DRAFT/[redacted]

30 January 1961

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD

SUBJECT: Project MKULTRA, Subproject 42

1. Subproject 42 is to be continued for the same purposes as when originally established: to support [redacted] covert and realistic field trials(1) of certain research and development items of interest to TSD, and to maintain the physical facilities required for these trials.

2. In the past year a number of covert and realistic field trials have been successfully carried out. The results of these experiments have provided factual data(2) essential to establishing protocols for a number of contemplated operations. A continuation of covert and realistic field trials are necessitated by the production of new materials in TSD programs, particularly in areas requiring detailed knowledge of the effectiveness and efficiency of delivery systems. Additional trials are also necessitated by the need for better controlled "field-type" experiments.

3. The estimated cost of the project is $5,000.00 for a period of six months. Charges should be made against Allotment 1125-1390-3902.

4. Accounting for funds and equipment under this subproject has been established on a detailed basis with the auditor and will continue as in the past.

[illegible] $10,000.00

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

covert and realistic field trials

The phrase the 1961 continuation memorandum uses for what the safehouse was for; it recurs three times on this leaf. Clean typescript. The withheld group before 'covert' in paragraph 1 is a name or place and is not guessed.

$5,000.00 for a period of six months. Charges should be made against Allotment 1125-1390-3902.

The allotment number is the only one in the batch and reads clean at 300 dpi; the OCR layer gives 'll.25'. The cost is typed with a full stop that the OCR layer reads as a colon. CONFIRM both.

[illegible] $10,000.00

A handwritten note runs vertically up the foot right of the leaf: a mark that could be a symbol or an initial, then a money figure read as $10,000.00 - twice the $5,000.00 in paragraph 3, and the same figure as the running cost on the 1963 Behavioral Activities Support sheet (folio 42-27). The mark is NOT read and the figure is PROVISIONAL. CONFIRM.

"field-type" experiments

The document's own quotation marks. PRESERVED. The stop after 'experiments' sits under a horizontal scan artifact and is read rather than seen clearly. CONFIRM.

TSD

This 1961 leaf says TSD - Technical Services DIVISION - where the 1955-56 leaves in the same folder say TSS. The change of office name between the two dates is real and must not be normalised. PRESERVED.

the head of the leaf

The top right corner of the scan is burnt out to near-black, and the folio, the DRAFT line and the exemption letter all sit inside it. All three were read at 300 dpi but none is crisp. CONFIRM.

no signature

The leaf carries no signature block and no approval panel at all - it ends with paragraph 4. Recorded so no one reads the page as truncated.

no page number

No typed page number; only the handwritten reading-room folio 42-2. 'printed' is null.

42-27

REVISED

Date 5 September 1963

BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITIES SUPPORT

Branch BB

Category Behavioral Control Material Physiological Indicators (formerly IIa, b & c)

[illegible] (VI [illegible])

Project Title N.A.

Item Classification N.A.

Project Crypto MKULTRA

Crypto Classification Unclassified

Branch Project No. N.A.

Project Engineer [redacted]

Contractor [redacted]

Contract No. Subproject 42

Task No. N.A.

Type of Contract MKULTRA

Date Initiated January 1955

Cost $10,000.00

Completion Date Continuing (renewed May '63(1)

Purpose: Field testing and evaluation of D&E items.

Status: Activities for FY 63 have been initiated. Operational techniques are under scurtiny(2).

Requirement: Internally generated in TSD based on support responsibilities to operational elements of DD/P.

Textual notes on this leaf (9)

under scurtiny.

The document's own misspelling of 'scrutiny'. PRESERVED, not corrected - and worth a textual note, since it sits in the one sentence that says the safehouse's operational techniques were being looked at in the year of the Inspector General's survey.

Category: Behavioral Control Material / Physiological Indicators - struck through

AMENDED ON THE PAGE. Both typed category lines are ruled through and a handwritten note stands over them at the right. The form is marked REVISED at the head, so the strike is part of the September 1963 revision. The struck words are still legible and are transcribed; the transcription does not silently drop them, and it does not present them as current.

[illegible] (VI [illegible])

The handwritten amendment over the Category field. A Roman 'VI' can be made out inside the bracket; the word before it and the rest inside the bracket are obliterated by a black box and by the ink itself. NOT read. CONFIRM against a better scan.

Continuing (renewed May '63

Two problems in one field. The parenthesis is struck through with a ruled line, and its closing bracket and any following characters run off the right edge of the scanned area - the leaf is cropped there. Transcribed as it stands, without supplying a closing bracket. CONFIRM against a better scan.

N.A.

Four fields carry 'N.A.'; the letters are typed close with stops and no space, though at 300 dpi a hair space is arguable. CONFIRM.

$10,000.00 / January 1955 / Subproject 42

The financial and identifying entries, read from the image; the OCR layer interleaves them with the form's rules and cannot be used. All three agree with the 24 January 1955 establishing memorandum (folio 42-127), which gives a starting date of 1 March 1955 and a first-year cost of $8,300.00 - the figures here are the running contract, not the first year. CONFIRM.

D&E items

Typed with an ampersand and not expanded on the form. PRESERVED.

responsibilities

Broken across a line ('respons-' | 'ibilities') on the page and closed up per the transcription rules.

no signature, no classification stamp, no page number

The form carries none of the three. 'printed' is null.

42-1

DECLARATION OF TRUST(1)

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS:

That I, [redacted], of [redacted] hereby acknowledge and declare that I am possessed of and hold the title of record to the following property and trust:

[redacted]

for the only benefit and advantage of [ruled blank] (hereinafter called the "Owner"), who is vested with legal title to the said property, and the same is to be used by me only for the official business(2) of, and in accordance with directions from, the Owner, and I for myself and my executors, administrators and assigns hereby covenent with the Owner to relinquish the said property to the Owner, or to any third party designated by the Owner, and in the event of my death such request shall be considered to have been made to me prior to the date of my death and shall be binding upon my executors or administrators and assigns without any further demand or acknowledgment; provided that, pending final disposition or exhaustion of the aforesaid property, I shall take all action that may be necessary and proper for prudent management, investment and control of such property in accordance with directions from the Owner.

[redacted] 10 December 1964

ATTEST: [redacted] 15 December 1964

FORM 4-63 637 USE PREVIOUS EDITIONS. (12)

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

covenent

The form's own printed spelling of 'covenant'. PRESERVED, not corrected - it is a printing error in the FORM, not a typist's error, so it appears on every copy of Form 637.

for the only benefit and advantage of [ruled blank]

The rule for the beneficiary's name is EMPTY on this copy - not blacked out, simply never filled in. The trust names a property and a trustee but no beneficiary. That is a fact about the executed document, not a defect of the release, and it should be said so in any annotation.

10 December 1964 / 15 December 1964

Both dates are TYPED, not handwritten, and the attestation is dated five days after the declaration. Read clean at 300 dpi.

the exemption letter 'H'

A second handwritten letter beneath the 'C' beside the property-description box, read as a capital H. It does not belong to the A/B/C/E series that annotates every other box in this folder. Recorded as read, NOT interpreted. CONFIRM.

FORM 4-63 637 USE PREVIOUS EDITIONS. (12)

The form imprint is printed in a small sans face and is partly broken up in this scan; '637', '4-63' and 'EDITIONS.' are firm, the rest is read with effort, and the bracketed figure at the foot right is read as '(12)'. Transcribed as one line because the two printed lines interleave. CONFIRM.

the five black boxes

Everything that identifies the trustee, the property and the two signatories is blacked out; what survives is the printed form and two dates. Nothing under any box is legible and nothing is guessed - in particular the transcription does not name a trustee or an address.

acknowledgment

Broken across a line ('acknowledg-' | 'ment') and closed up per the transcription rules. Spelled without the middle 'e', as printed.

no classification stamp, no page number

The leaf carries neither. 'printed' is null. It is the first leaf of the folder as filed - the folder runs newest-first, so the December 1964 Declaration of Trust stands at folio 42-1 and the January 1955 establishing memorandum at 42-127.

Order restored. Reproduced from the National Security Archive's copy in the John Marks papers, the only copy located for this edition; it is below the imprint's 300-dpi floor and carries the collection's circled page marks. The Agency's own release of this memorandum (Reading Room 00017749) was not acquired.

414

1

29 November 1963

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD

SUBJECT : MKULTRA PROGRAM

1. A meeting was held in General Carter's office on 29 November 1963 to discuss the subject program. Those present, in addition to General Carter, were Messrs. Helms, Kirkpatrick, [redacted] Gottlieb, and Earman. The main thrust of the discussion was the testing of certain drugs on unwitting U. S. citizens. Dr. Gottlieb gave a brief history of the MKULTRA program which was not in any way at variance with the IG report of August 1963 on this subject.

2. Messrs. Gottlieb and [redacted] argued for the continuation(2) of unwitting testing, using as the principal point that controlled testing cannot be depended upon for accurate results. General Carter, Mr. Kirkpatrick, and I do not disagree with this point. We also accept the necessity for having a "stable of drugs" on the shelf and the requirement for continued research and development of drugs--not only for possible operational use but also to give CIA insight on the state of the art in this field and in particular to alert us to what the opposition is or might be expected to do in the R&D and employment of drugs.

3. [redacted] noted that there was no disagreement with the recommendations of the IG survey on MKULTRA with the exception of the unwitting testing problem. In response to a query from General Carter, he stated that since the IG report such testing has been held in abeyance.

4. General Carter made it clear that he understood the necessity for research and development of all types of drugs, to include their testing. However, he was troubled by the "unwitting aspect". This led to a brief discussion on the possibility of unwitting tests on foreign nationals, but according to [redacted] this had been ruled out as a result of several conversations he recently had with senior chiefs of stations--too dangerous and the lack of controlled facilities. (This seemed an odd conclusion

[marginal double stroke]

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

the IG report of August 1963

SIGNIFICANT DISCREPANCY, and it is the document's own. The Inspector General's Report of Inspection of MKULTRA is dated 26 JULY 1963 on its cover memorandum (T1 report p1); this memorandum for the record, written four months later by the Inspector General himself, calls it 'the IG report of August 1963'. PRESERVED as written. Any annotation must not silently correct it, and must not use it to date the report.

Messrs. Gottlieb and [redacted] argued for the continuation of unwitting testing

The sentence the volume turns on. HELMS IS NOT NAMED HERE: he is listed among those present in paragraph 1, but the second name in paragraph 2 is withheld. Copy must say 'a colleague whose name is withheld', never 'Helms'. Read clean at 300 dpi.

the four white gaps

This copy withholds text with WHITE gaps, some closed by a fine vertical rule, and carries no exemption citations of any kind. That is a different withholding style from both the 2019 IG release (white boxes with (b) citations) and the reading-room folders (black boxes with marginal letters), and it should be described as such rather than assimilated to either.

"stable of drugs" / "unwitting aspect"

The document's own quotation marks in both places. PRESERVED.

drugs--not only / stations--too dangerous

Double hyphens as typed, used as dashes. PRESERVED.

circled 414 / circled 1 / marginal double stroke

Three third-party marks from the Marks collection copy, recorded as annotations so they can be excluded from any facsimile page. None is part of the government record.

(This seemed an odd conclusion

Paragraph 4 breaks mid-sentence at the foot of the leaf, inside an unclosed parenthesis, and continues on the second leaf. Marked 'continues'.

scan resolution

About 212 dpi, below the 300-dpi floor 001 and 002 set for facsimile reproduction. The transcription stands, but a facsimile page from this scan would not meet the house standard - the acquisition manifest already flags that an official Reading Room copy should be pulled and measured.

4[illegible]

4. to me since the same dangers exist in the U. S. and from what we were able to find out during our survey, the facilities we have for uncontrolled testing leave much to be desired(1)--I made a point of this.)

5. After further discussion, it was agreed:

a. That the charter of MKULTRA would be revised along the lines recommended in the IG survey.

b. The procedures for testing drugs are to be reviewed and new alternative proposals submitted.

c. If it is concluded by the DD/P that unwitting testing on American citizens must be continued to operationally prove out these drugs, it may become necessary to place this problem before the Director for a decision.

6. I made the point that the IG survey had found other problems with the MKULTRA program in addition to the unwitting testing, but stated if the charter is rewritten along the lines recommended, I believe these problems would be corrected. .

7. NOTE: The IG Survey of MKULTRA was handed to [redacted] after the meeting for his use in redrafting the charter.

[illegible]

[signed] J. S. Earman J. S. Earman Inspector General

JSE:cm

Textual notes on this leaf (9)

If it is concluded by the DD/P that unwitting testing on American citizens must be continued

Item 5.c - the one sentence in the batch that puts the decision on unwitting testing of American citizens up to the DD/P and, failing that, to the Director. Read clean at 300 dpi. Worth an annotation.

The IG Survey of MKULTRA was handed to [redacted] after the meeting

The recipient's name is withheld, so the transcription does NOT say who was given the survey to redraft the charter. The withholding runs across a line ending and is marked once.

the IG survey / the IG Survey

The document capitalises 'Survey' in paragraph 7 and not in paragraphs 5.a, 6 or 3 on the first leaf. PRESERVED, each as typed.

operationally prove out these drugs

'operationally' is broken across a line ('opera-' | 'tionally') on the page and closed up; the OCR layer reads the hyphen as a quotation mark.

desired--I made a point of this.)

Double hyphen as typed, and the parenthesis opened at the foot of the first leaf closes here. PRESERVED.

[signed] J. S. Earman

A genuine autograph over the typed name - the signature that authenticates the memorandum. It is written across the typed name rather than above it, so the typed name is partly overwritten but still legible.

JSE:cm

The drafting symbol at the foot left, initials only, with no date - unlike the 1953 and 1956 memoranda, which date theirs. PRESERVED.

the ink note beside paragraph 7

Two short cursive words in ink stand to the right of paragraph 7, outside the typing area, in what appears to be the same hand as the collection marks rather than a 1963 hand. NOT read, and NOT to be treated as part of the record until its hand is settled. CONFIRM.

the head mark

The page mark at the top right is not circled on this leaf and its figures are indistinct; only the leading 4 is firm, so it is recorded as '4[illegible]' rather than assumed to be 415. CONFIRM.

Order restored. Reproduced from the National Security Archive's copy in the John Marks papers (an A4 photocopy with a binding shadow); the Agency's own release (Reading Room 00146171) was not acquired. The ink word 'Sanitized' and the circled numbers are the collection's marks.

Sanitized

420

IG [illegible] IG 75-3228

8

20 OCT 1975

MEMORANDUM FOR: Director of Central Intelligence

FROM : Inspector General

SUBJECT : Destruction of Records on Drugs and Toxins

Action Requested:

1. None. This memorandum is for your information.

Background:

2. At your request, we looked into the destruction of Agency records related to drugs and toxins. We limited our investigation to avoid interfering with other ongoing investigations of this matter, including that of the FBI. We held discussions with several people in the DD/S&T, Records Center, and Archives and reviewed a number of OTS files(1). Our findings and conclusions follow.

Summary Conclusions:

3. MKULTRA Records: This was an umbrella project for funding sensitive TSD activities including research into methods for controlling human behavior:

-- No drug-related MKULTRA files were turned up during our investigation.

-- A number of documents concerning the destruction of MKULTRA drug records are attached at Tab A. In general, they show that the records were destroyed on the instruction(2) of Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, then Chief; TSD, on 31 January 1973. Both Branch files and records retrieved from Archives were destroyed.

-- Tab A also contains statements by Messrs. [redacted] of OTS. These statements indicate that the destruction of MKULTRA drug files was ordered by Mr. Helms.

Textual notes on this leaf (10)

the records were destroyed on the instruction of Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, then Chief; TSD, on 31 January 1973

The date and the instruction, in the Inspector General's own summary. Read clean at 300 dpi despite the grey copy.

These statements indicate that the destruction of MKULTRA drug files was ordered by Mr. Helms.

The one sentence in the batch that names Helms as the source of the destruction order - and note what it does and does not say: it reports what OTS officers' STATEMENTS indicate, not a finding of the Inspector General's own. Copy must keep that distance. The officers' names are withheld.

No drug-related MKULTRA files were turned up during our investigation.

The first dash item. Read clean.

Sanitized

Written in ink at the head in a cursive hand - a processing mark on this copy, recorded as an annotation, not as document text. It is NOT a stamp.

IG [illegible] / IG 75-3228

Two handwritten lines at the right above the date stamp. The second reads as a case number, IG 75-3228; the first is a short cursive phrase that cannot be read on this copy and is NOT guessed. CONFIRM both.

circled 420 / circled 8

Two third-party collection marks from the Marks copy. Recorded so they can be excluded from any facsimile page.

TSD (twice, where the OCR reads TSO)

Both occurrences read as TSD - Technical Services Division - from the page. The letter is a D with a broken bowl on this copy. CONFIRM.

DD/S&T

Typed with an ampersand. The OCR layer reads 'D0/S&T'. Read from the page. CONFIRM.

the dash items

The three sub-items under paragraph 3 are introduced by a double hyphen, not a letter or figure. Recorded with '--' in the block's 'num' so the layout survives; the document uses no other list marker here.

scan resolution and binding shadow

About 200 dpi with a broad dark binding shadow down the right edge, below the 300-dpi facsimile floor. The transcription stands; a facsimile page from this scan would not meet the house standard.

420

-- Tab B contains a 2 February 1973 MOR by [redacted] former chief of Archives and Records Center. The destruction notices attached to [redacted] /MOR show that the records bearing Job No. 68-746(1) (MKULTRA) and Job No. 68-256 (other files possibly dealing with drugs as well as with BW/CW detection) were destroyed on 30 January 1973 rather than the more commonly accepted 31 January 1973 date mentioned in most of the Tab A documents.

-- We identified three MKULTRA files which, it turned out, deal with [redacted] aspects of the project. According to Dr. Sayre Stevens(2), no files related to those aspects of MKULTRA have been destroyed.

-- However, some MKULTRA material is mentioned on a list of items retired to Archives by OTS on 11 March 1974. There is no record of destruction of this material, but a careful search has failed to turn it up. The box containing this material was recalled from Archives by OTS on 8 January 1975 and returned to Archives sometime thereafter, probably within thirty days. OTS advises that the MKULTRA crypt in this instance was not related to drug activity but to [redacted] The fact remains, however, that the material is missing with no satisfactory explanation.

-- We reviewed an Archives file containing the minutes of the CIA Research Board from 1953-1962. The minutes mention several briefings of the Board by Dr. Gottlieb and others on at least some aspects of the drug and toxin programs. Copies of these documents are attached at Tab C.

4. MKNAOMI Records: This was a TSD project at Camp Detrick which maintained an R&D competence to provide a minimal support capability in defensive and offensive BW/CW:

-- There are two existing MKNAOMI files. These files contain CIA documents covering the period 5 May 1952 to 18 February 1970 and reports originated at Camp Detrick during the period 1960 to 1969.

-- These files do not present a detailed account of MKNAOMI activity over the years. From his investigation of the project, Dr. Stevens has concluded that gaps in the files are the result of a conscious policy on the part of those involved to keep very little paper on the project from its inception in 1952 to its demise in 1970. People formerly connected with the project interviewed by Dr. Stevens asserted that the practice of keeping little or no record of the activity was standard MKNAOMI procedure.

2

Textual notes on this leaf (9)

destroyed on 30 January 1973 rather than the more commonly accepted 31 January 1973 date

MATERIAL, and easy to get wrong: the memorandum itself flags a one-day discrepancy in the destruction date. The Tab A documents say 31 January 1973 - the date the memorandum's own paragraph 3 uses on the previous leaf - while the destruction notices attached to the 2 February 1973 MOR say 30 January. Any annotation that gives a destruction date must give both, and say which document says which.

Job No. 68-746 (MKULTRA) and Job No. 68-256

The two records-job numbers, read at 300 dpi on a grey copy; the OCR layer garbles both. CONFIRM.

Dr. Sayre Stevens

Named in full and unredacted here and again as 'Dr. Stevens' three times below - one of the very few names left standing anywhere in this batch. Read clean.

the material is missing with no satisfactory explanation

The Inspector General's own words about the box recalled from Archives in January 1975. The clause immediately before it, explaining what the MKULTRA crypt in that instance DID relate to, is withheld across two lines. Nothing under it is guessed.

gaps in the files are the result of a conscious policy ... to keep very little paper

Dr. Stevens's conclusion about MKNAOMI, reported by the Inspector General. Note it is about MKNAOMI, not MKULTRA - do not let an annotation transfer it.

MOR / MOR by

The memorandum abbreviates 'memorandum of record' as MOR twice on this leaf. As typed. PRESERVED.

BW/CW

Typed with a solidus, twice. The OCR layer mangles both. Read from the page. CONFIRM.

the four withheld passages

All four are white gaps closed by fine rules, with no exemption citations - the same withholding style as the Earman memorandum's copy and unlike either the 2019 IG release or the reading-room folders.

page number '2'

A bare figure centred at the foot. Recorded in 'printed' as '2'; the first leaf carries no number.

420

-- Dr. Stevens also learned that the Army has no records on MKNAOMI or on the Special Operations Division, Fort Detrick. He surmises these records were destroyed when the BW/CW materials were destroyed at the President's order.

-- There is one final consideration connected with the possible destruction of records related to MKNAOMI. Approximately one safe drawer full of Dr. Gottlieb's personal files were destroyed by his secretary at his order in June 1973, shortly before Dr. Gottlieb's retirement. The secretary was new to OTS at the time and had been working for Dr. Gottlieb for only six weeks. She knew little about OTS activities, crypts, or projects. She remembers destroying some technical journals, papers written by Dr. Gottlieb, some files dealing with sensitive personnel matters, and some SECRET SENSITIVE papers about which she recalls nothing. Given the sensitivity of MKNAOMI, some MKNAOMI papers could have been included among those destroyed in June 1973. However, we have no evidence this was the case.

-- In general, we concur in Dr. Stevens' belief that no papers were removed from the two extant MKNAOMI files. MKNAOMI records-keeping procedures appear to account at least partially for the lack of a continuous detailed record of MKNAOMI activity over the years. Some papers relating to MKNAOMI may have been destroyed in June 1973 or at some other time, but this cannot be demonstrated with the information now available to us.

5. [redacted] and Other Drug Related Material: [redacted] involved CIA contractors testing drugs on human volunteers:

-- On 24 June 1975, on Mr. Duckett's orders, [redacted] of his office examined OTS holdings at Records Center in search of material which might have some bearing on the drug related investigation. Six boxes of material of possible interest were returned to the Office of the DD/S&T for review. Subsequently, they were returned to Records Center. Later these were recalled by OTS with an additional four boxes of files from Records Center.

-- We reviewed three files from these boxes in July 1975. These were files on Project [redacted] which involved the testing of drugs on human volunteers by various institutional contractors of CIA. A copy of the 31 July 1975 MOR covering our review is attached at Tab D.

3

Textual notes on this leaf (8)

one safe drawer full of Dr. Gottlieb's personal files were destroyed by his secretary at his order in June 1973, shortly before Dr. Gottlieb's retirement

A SECOND destruction, five months after the January 1973 one and separately described - and the memorandum is careful to say there is no evidence MKNAOMI papers were among them. Any annotation must keep the two destructions apart and must not present the June 1973 one as the MKULTRA file destruction.

The secretary ... had been working for Dr. Gottlieb for only six weeks

The secretary is not named anywhere on the leaf and no redaction stands where her name would be - the memorandum simply does not name her. Recorded so no annotation supplies a name.

SECRET SENSITIVE

Typed in capitals as a classification phrase inside running text. PRESERVED.

Mr. Duckett

Named unredacted, like Dr. Sayre Stevens on the previous leaf. Read clean. CONFIRM the spelling.

[redacted] and Other Drug Related Material:

The heading of paragraph 5 is half withheld: the project cryptonym that names it is blacked out here and again where the same paragraph refers to 'files on Project [redacted]'. Nothing under either is guessed - the transcription does not name the project.

the President's order

Dr. Stevens's surmise about the Army's MKNAOMI and Special Operations Division records. Note it is a surmise, reported as one. PRESERVED with its 'He surmises'.

DD/S&T / MOR / OTS / BW/CW

All four abbreviations read from the page; the OCR layer mangles each at least once ('DD/StcT', 'O)'S'). CONFIRM.

page number '3'

A bare figure centred at the foot, matching leaf 2. Recorded in 'printed' as '3'.

420(2)

-- [redacted] OTS/RMO, reviewed the ten boxes of OTS files recalled from Records Center. In addition to the [redacted] material described above, these boxes contain a considerable amount of material dealing with animal screening tests of various compounds, but they contain no material dealing with tests involving humans or identified as connected with Project MKULTRA. [redacted] Memorandum covering his review is attached at Tab E.

-- Three boxes of OTS material formerly stored in Records Center were destroyed by OTS in January 1973 at the time of the destruction of MKULTRA records. [redacted] /MOR at Tab B comments on the destruction of this material.) Some of the records in these three boxes dealt with environmental sampling for BW and CW manufacturing activity [redacted] . At least one file listed as "Project ARTICHOKE - 1951-1954" must have dealt with drug-connected activities. OTS has attempted to identify the activities covered by the balance of the missing material with little success to date. A 10 October 1975 memorandum describing the OTS efforts in this connection is attached at Tab F.

-- On 3 October 1975, the Director of Medical Services forwarded to us copies of unaddressed, undated, and unsigned documents dealing with LSD-25 (See Tab G). These documents were unearthed by OMS from the Archives files of its Operations Division. They were found in a folder labeled "TSD File, 1956-1960."

6. We believe it likely that a thorough search of Agency records -- particularly DDO operational records -- would continue to produce additional pieces of the drug activity puzzle. We believe it unlikely that such a search would produce any major intact repository of information on this subject. Recognizing that such a search would heavily burden people already overtaxed with investigative activities, we are inclined to doubt that the return would justify the investment.

[signed] Donald F. Chamberlain Donald F. Chamberlain Inspector General

4

Textual notes on this leaf (9)

"Project ARTICHOKE - 1951-1954"

The one file title quoted in the memorandum, and the only place ARTICHOKE is named in this batch. The dash between the title and the years is typed as a spaced hyphen. PRESERVED. CONFIRM the years.

we are inclined to doubt that the return would justify the investment

The Inspector General's closing recommendation - that a thorough search of Agency records was not worth doing. It is the last sentence of the memorandum, and it deserves to be quoted whole rather than in part: the same paragraph says such a search WOULD likely produce more pieces of the puzzle.

Three boxes of OTS material ... were destroyed by OTS in January 1973

A THIRD destruction event, separate from the 31/30 January 1973 MKULTRA file destruction and from the June 1973 destruction of Gottlieb's personal files, though contemporaneous with the first. The memorandum says these boxes were destroyed 'at the time of' the MKULTRA destruction, not as part of it. Keep them distinct.

LSD-25 / OMS / DDO / OTS/RMO

Four abbreviations read from the page. 'OTS/RMO' opens the leaf after a redaction and is the office of the officer whose name is withheld. CONFIRM each.

"TSD File, 1956-1960."

The folder label, in the document's own quotation marks, broken across a line ('1956-' | '1960."') and closed up. PRESERVED.

the item that opens the leaf

The first dash item begins mid-sentence: its opening words are at the foot of the preceding leaf, which is why the block is marked 'continued'. A reader who sees this page alone will see a sentence that starts with a redaction.

[signed] Donald F. Chamberlain

A genuine autograph over the typed name and title - the signature that authenticates the memorandum, and the counterpart to Earman's on the 1963 memorandum for the record.

five withheld passages

All five are white gaps closed by fine rules with no exemption citations, as on the other leaves of this copy. Two of them withhold the same officer's name at the start of the item and again before 'Memorandum covering his review'. Nothing under any of them is guessed.

page number '4'

A bare figure centred at the foot, matching leaves 2 and 3. Recorded in 'printed' as '4'.

Order restored. From the Agency's own MKULTRA briefing book, compiled about January 1976, one summary sheet per subproject; the hand-written leaf number at the foot is the briefing book's own.

11

SUB-PROJECT NO. 3 (See also Nos. 16, 42 and 149)

PRINCIPAL RESEARCHER AND LOCATIONS: New York City and San Francisco

OBJECTIVE AND DETAILS OF WORK: Realistic field testing of R&D items of interest to TSS/CD.

APPROXIMATE TIME SPAN: 1953-1956

SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS: This is the project that started the unwitting testing(2) in New York.

FUNDING: $8,875 approved May 1953. Total: $8,875 in Cashier's Checks.

RESEARCH PARTICIPANT: George White, aka Morgan Hall(1) (alias) "a seaman."

OTHER SPONSORS: None indicated.

NAMES OF CIA MONITORS: Sidney Gottlieb / Robert V. Lashbrook

APPROVERS: [redacted] / Willia A. Gibbons / C.V.S. Roosevelt

Textual notes on this leaf (5)

George White, aka Morgan Hall (alias) "a seaman."

The Agency's own 1976 sheet, naming in one line what the 1953-64 folder papers redact throughout: the research participant is George White, the alias is Morgan Hall, and the phrase the folder uses for him - 'a seaman' - is quoted back here in quotation marks. This leaf, with leaf 125, is the government page that lets the notes use the name at all.

Willia A. Gibbons

PRESERVED as typed. The forename is typed without its final letter on the sheet; it is not completed here.

This is the project that started the unwitting testing in New York.

The Agency's own summary of Subproject 3, in the 'SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS' field.

(See also Nos. 16, 42 and 149)

A later hand has inserted '132' above a caret between '42' and 'and', so the cross-reference as amended reads 16, 42, 132 and 149. The typed line is given here and the insertion is described, not merged into it.

$8,875 approved May 1953. Total: $8,875

Both figures read from the image at 900 dpi; the file's OCR layer returns the first as $3,875, which the image does not support. CONFIRM against a better scan: the approved sum and the total are the same figure on this sheet, which is unusual enough to be worth a second reading.

125

SUB-PROJECT NO. 42 (See also Nos. 3, 16 and 149)

PRINCIPAL RESEARCHER AND LOCATION: Morgan Hall / San Francisco and Mill Valley(2), California

OBJECTIVE AND DETAILS OF WORK: To support and realistically field test certain R&D items of interest to Technical Services Division and to maintain physical facilities required for these trials -- also for the covert administration of physiologically active materials to unwitting subjects. The files indicate that Sub-Project No. 42 is a continuation of No. 16, with Morgan Hall's facilities moved from New York City to San Francisco.

APPROXIMATE TIME SPAN: 1955 - 1964

SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS: Testing of drugs on unwitting persons.

FUNDING:

COVER MECHANISM: Not stated

APPROXIMATE TOTAL: Approximately $10,000 a year

RESEARCH PARTICIPANT: Morgan Hall (alias for George H. White of Bureau of Narcotics), witting(1)

OTHER SPONSOR: Bureau of Narcotics - unknown if witting

NAMES OF CIA MONITORS: Sidney Gottlieb / [redacted] / Ray Treichler / [redacted]

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

Morgan Hall (alias for George H. White of Bureau of Narcotics), witting

The alias, the man and the employer in one line, with the middle initial the companion sheet for Subproject 3 does not give. 'Witting' is the sheet's own word for him.

Testing of drugs on unwitting persons.

The Agency's summary of Subproject 42, in its own 'SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS' field, set against the folder's careful 'covert administration of physiologically active materials'.

San Francisco and Mill Valley, California

The only government page in this edition that names the second location. Mill Valley appears nowhere in the folder papers reproduced here.

Approximately $10,000 a year

The figure agrees with paragraph 11 of the 1963 report and with the Subproject 42 status sheet (folio 42-27).

Order restored. Senate print, 5.5 x 9 in page, reproduced from the Senate's own posting; the twelve hearing pages in this edition are printed in the order of their printed page numbers and are not contiguous. Printed pages 21-22, 54-55 and 57-58 are consecutive pairs and read straight through; the others stand alone.

those researchers and institutions which were unwitting participants in CIA-sponsored activities.

Nevertheless, recognizing the right and the need of both the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the Senate Subcommittee on Health to investigate the circumstances of these activities in whatever detail they consider necessary, I am providing your Committee with all of the names on a classified basis. I hope that this will facilitate your investigation while protecting the individuals and institutions involved. Let me emphasize that the MKULTRA events are 12 to 25 years in the past. I assure you that the CIA is in no way engaged in either witting or unwitting testing of drugs today.

Finally, I am working closely with the Attorney General and with the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare on this matter. We are making available to the Attorney General whatever materials he may deem necessary to any investigation he may elect to undertake. We are working with both the Attorney General and the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare to determine whether it is practicable from this new evidence to attempt to identify any of the persons to whom drugs may have been administered unwittingly. No such names are part of these records, but we are working to determine if there are adequate clues to lead to their identification; and if so, how to go about fulfilling the Government's responsibilities in the matter.

TESTIMONY OF ADM. STANSFIELD TURNER(1), DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY FRANK LAUBINGER, OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES; AL BRODY, OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL; ERNEST MAYERFIELD, OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL; AND GEORGE L. CARY, LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL

Admiral TURNER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would like to begin by thanking you and Senator Kennedy for having a joint hearing this morning. I hope this will expedite and facilitate our getting all the information that both of your committees need into the record quickly.

I would like also to thank you both for prefacing the remarks today by reminding us all that the events about which we are here to talk are 12- to 24-years old. They in no way represent the current activities or policies of the Central Intelligence Agency.

What we are here to do is to give you all the information that we now have and which we did not previously have on a subject known as Project MKULTRA, a project which took place from 1953 to 1964. It was an umbrella project under which there were numerous subprojects for research, among other things, on drugs and behavioral modification. What the new material that we offer today is a supplement to the considerable material that was made available in 1975, during the Church committee hearings, and also to the Senate Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research.

At that time, the CIA offered up all of the information and documents it believed it had available. The principal one available at that time that gave the greatest amount of information on this subject was a report of the CIA's Inspector General written in 1963, and which led directly to the termination(2) of this activity in 1964, 13 years ago.

The information available in 1975 to the various investigating groups was indeed sparse, first because of the destruction of material that took place in 1973, as detailed by Senator Kennedy a minute ago, with the concurrence of the then Director of Central Intelligence and under the supervision of the Director of the Office of Technical Services that supervised Project MKULTRA.

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

led directly to the termination of this activity in 1964

The Director of Central Intelligence, in 1977, on the report this volume is built around.

the MKULTRA events are 12 to 25 years in the past ... the events about which we are here to talk are 12- to 24-years old

BOTH PRESERVED as printed. The written statement and the spoken testimony give the span differently on the same page, and neither is corrected here.

What the new material that we offer today is a supplement to the considerable material

PRESERVED as printed. The sentence is ungrammatical in the transcript; it is spoken testimony and the reporter set it down as spoken.

adequate clues to lead to their identification ; and if so

The spacing is kept. The Senate print sets a thin space before the semicolon and before question marks throughout; it is the printer's style, not a defect.

The material in 1975 was also sparse because most of the CIA people who had been involved in 1953 to 1964 in this activity had retired from the Agency. I would further add that I think the material was sparse in part because it was the practice at that time not to keep detailed records in this category.

For instance, the 1963 report of the Inspector General notes:

Present practice is to maintain no records(1) of the planning and approval of test programs.

In brief, there were few records to begin with and less after the destruction of 1973.

What I would like to do now, though, is to proceed and let you know what the new material adds to our knowledge of this topic, and I will start by describing how the material was discovered and why it was not previously discovered. The material in question, some seven boxes, had been sent to our Retired Records Center outside of the Washington area. It was discovered there as the result of an extensive search by an employee charged with the responsibility for maintaining our holdings on behavioral drugs and for responding to Freedom of Information Act requests on this subject.

During the Church committee investigation of 1975, searches for MKULTRA-related material were made by examining both the active and the retired records of all of the branches of CIA considered likely to have had an association with MKULTRA documents. The retired records of the Budget and Fiscal Section(2) of the branch that was responsible for such work were not searched, however. This was because the financial paper associated with sensitive projects such as MKULTRA were normally maintained by the branch itself under the project title, MKULTRA, not by the Budget and Fiscal Section under a special budget file.

In the case at hand, however, this newly located material had been sent to the Retired Records Center in 1970 by the Budget and Fiscal Section of this branch as part of its own retired holdings. In short, what should have been filed by the branch itself was filed by the Budget and Fiscal Section, and what should have been filed under the project title, MKULTRA, was filed under budget and fiscal matters. The reason for this departure from the normal procedure of that time is simply not known, and as a result of it, however, the material escaped retrieval and destruction in 1973, as well as discovery in 1975.

The employee who located this material did so by leaving no stone unturned in his efforts to respond to a Freedom of Information Act request, or several of them, in fact. He reviewed all of the listings of material of this branch, stored at the Retired Records Center, including those of the Budget and Fiscal Section, and thus discovered the MKULTRA-related documents, which had been missed in the previous searches.

In sum, the agency failed to uncover these particular documents in 1973, in the process of attempting to destroy them. It similarly failed to locate them in 1975, in response to the Church committee hearings. I am personally persuaded that there is no evidence of any attempt to conceal this material during the earlier searches. Moreover, as we will discuss as we proceed, I do not believe the material itself is such that

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

Present practice is to maintain no records of the planning and approval of test programs.

The 1963 report read into the record fourteen years later. The same sentence is on report page 16 of the facsimile in Part I of this volume; the hearing sets it as an indented extract, and it is kept as one here.

the material escaped retrieval and destruction in 1973, as well as discovery in 1975

The Agency's explanation of why the seven boxes survived: they had been filed by the Budget and Fiscal Section rather than by the branch, under budget and fiscal matters rather than under MKULTRA.

the agency failed to uncover these particular documents

PRESERVED as printed. 'Agency' is lower-case here and capitalised elsewhere on the same page.

Counsel's opinion was that this was legal only if the CIA was going to derive adequate benefit from it, but, sir, there is no evidence of what benefit was derived.

Senator SCHWEIKER. There must have been some pretty good benefits at stake. The Atomic Energy Commission was to bear a share of the cost, and when they backed out for some reason or another, the CIA picked up part of their tab. So, at two different points there were indications that CIA decisionmakers thought there was great benefit to be derived from whatever happened within the brick and mortar walls of that facility.

Admiral TURNER. You are absolutely right. I am only taking the position that I cannot substantiate that there was benefit derived.

Senator SCHWEIKER. The agreement documents say that the CIA would have access to one-sixth of the space involved in the construction of the wing, so how would you enter into an agreement that specifically says that you will have access to and use of one-sixth of the space and not perform something in that space? I cannot believe it was empty.

Admiral TURNER. Sir, I am not disputing you at all, but both of us are saying that the inference is that one-sixth of the space was used, that experimentation was done, and so on, but there is no factual evidence of what went on as a result of that payment or what went on in that hospital. It is just missing. It is not that it didn't happen.

Senator SCHWEIKER. Admiral Turner, one other——

Senator KENNEDY. Would the Senator yield on that point?

Senator SCHWEIKER. I understand that in the agency's documents on the agreement it was explicitly stated that one-sixth of the facility would be designated for CIA use and made available for CIA research. Are you familiar——

Mr. BRODY. Senator, as I recall, you are right in that there is a mention of one-sixth, but any mention at all has to do with planning. There are no subsequent reports as to what happened after the construction took place.

Senator SCHWEIKER. Admiral Turner, I read in the New York Times that part of this series of MKULTRA experiments involved an arrangement with the Federal Bureau of Narcotics to test LSD surreptitiously on unwitting patrons in bars in New York and San Francisco. Some of the subjects became violently ill and were hospitalized. I wonder if you would just briefly describe what we were doing there and how it was carried out? I assume it was through a safe house operation. I don't believe your statement went into much detail.

Admiral TURNER. I did mention the safe house operation in my statement, sir, and that is how these were carried out. What we have learned from the new documentation is the location and the dates at which the safe houses were run by the CIA and the identification of three individuals who were associated with running those safe houses. We know something about the construction work that was done in them because there were contracts(1) for this. Beyond that, we are pretty much drawing inferences as to the things that went on as to what you are saying here.

Senator SCHWEIKER. Well, the subjects were unwitting. You can infer that much, right?

Admiral TURNER. Right.

Textual notes on this leaf (2)

We know something about the construction work that was done in them because there were contracts for this.

The Director's answer on what the Agency could still establish in 1977: the locations, the dates, three individuals, and the building work - because the building work left contracts. It is the paper that survived, and it is why a volume of this kind can exist.

to test LSD surreptitiously on unwitting patrons in bars in New York and San Francisco

Senator Schweiker reading a New York Times account into the record, not a finding of the Committee. The Director does not adopt the sentence; he answers the question after it.

Senator SCHWEIKER. If you happened to be at the wrong bar at the wrong place and time, you got it.

Mr. BRODY. Senator, that would be—contacts were made, as we understand it, in bars, et cetera, and then the people may have been invited to these safe houses. There really isn't any indication(2) as to the fact that this took place in the bars.

Admiral TURNER. We are trying to be very precise with you, sir, and not draw an inference here. There are 6 cases of these 149(1) where we have enough evidence in this new documentation to substantiate that there was unwitting testing and some of that involves these safe houses. There are other cases where it is ambiguous as to whether the testing was witting or voluntary. There are others where it was clearly voluntary.

Senator SCHWEIKER. Of course, after a few drinks, it is questionable whether informed consent means anything to a person in a bar anyway.

Admiral TURNER. Well, we don't have any indication that all these cases where it is ambiguous involved drinking of any kind. There are cases in penal institutions where it is not clear whether the prisoner was given a choice or not. I don't know that he wasn't given a choice, but I don't positively know that he was, and I classify that as an ambiguous incident.

Senator INOUYE. Your time is up, Senator.

Senator Huddleston?

Senator HUDDLESTON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Admiral Turner, you stated in your testimony that you are convinced there was no attempt to conceal this recently discovered documentation during the earlier searches. Did you question the individuals connected with the earlier search before you made that judgment?

Admiral TURNER. Yes; I haven't, I don't think, questioned everybody who looked in the files or is still on our payroll who looked in the files back in 1975, but Mr. Laubinger on my left is the best authority on this, and I have gone over it with him in some detail.

Senator HUDDLESTON. But you have inquired, you think, sufficiently to assure yourself that there was no intent on the part of any person to conceal these records from the previous committee?

Admiral TURNER. I am persuaded of that both by my questioning of people and by the circumstances and the way in which these documents were filed, by the fact which I did not and should have mentioned in my testimony, that these were not the official files. The ones that we have received or retrieved were copies of files that were working files that somebody had used, and therefore were slipped into a different location, and again I say to you, sir, I can't imagine their deliberately concealing these particular files and revealing the other things that they did reveal in 1975. I don't see the motive for that, because these are not that damning compared with the overall material that was provided.

Senator HUDDLESTON. Is this the kind of operation that if it were continuing now or if there were anything similar to it, that you would feel compelled to report to the Select Committee on Intelligence?

Admiral TURNER. Yes, sir. You mean, if I discovered that something like this were going on without my knowledge? Yes, I would feel absolutely the requirement to——

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

There are 6 cases of these 149 where we have enough evidence in this new documentation to substantiate that there was unwitting testing

The Agency's own count in 1977, against the 149 subprojects. The 1963 report in Part I of this volume counts 144 projects at its own date.

There really isn't any indication as to the fact that this took place in the bars.

PRESERVED as printed. The sentence is spoken testimony and reads awkwardly; it is not repaired here.

by the fact which I did not and should have mentioned in my testimony

PRESERVED as printed, without a comma after 'fact' - the reading was checked against the image because the OCR layer supplies a full stop there.

Senator KENNEDY. With regards to the activities that took place in these safe houses, as I understand from the records, two-way mirrors were used. Is that your understanding?

Admiral TURNER. Yes, sir. We have records that construction was done to put in two-way mirrors.

Senator KENNEDY. And they were placed in the bedroom, as I understand.

[Pause.]

Senator KENNEDY. Well, we have documents——

Admiral TURNER. I believe that was in the Church record, but I don't have the details.

Senator KENNEDY. And rather elaborate decorations were added, as I understand, at least, to the one in San Francisco, in the bedroom, which are French can-can dancers, floral pictures, drapery, including installation of bedroom mirrors, three framed Toulouse Lautrec posters(2) with black silk mats, and a number of other—red bedroom curtains and recording equipment, and then a series of documents which were provided to the committee which indicate a wide proliferation of different cash for $100, generally in the $100 range over any period of time on the particular checks. Even the names are blocked out, as to the person who is receiving it. Cash for undercover agents, operating expenses, drinks, entertainment while administering, and then it is dashed out, and then the other documents, that would suggest, at least with the signature of your principal agent out there, that—"called to the operation, midnight, and climax(1)."

What can you tell us that it might suggest to you about what techniques were being used by the Agency in terms of reaching that sort of broad-based group of Americans that were being evidently enticed for testing in terms of drugs and others? Do you draw any kind of conclusion about what might have been going on out there in these safe houses?

Admiral TURNER. No, sir.

[General laughter.]

Senator KENNEDY. There is a light side to it, but there is also an enormously serious side. And that is that at least the techniques which are used or were used in terms of testing, and trying to find out exactly the range of drugs used and the numbers of people involved and exactly what that operation was about, as well as the constant reiteration of the use of small sums of cash at irregular intervals. A variety of different techniques were employed but there is an awful lot of documentation putting these matters together.

When you look at the fact that it is a broad range population that has been tested, tested in these two areas, with the kind of cash slips that were used in this, payment mechanisms and decorations and all of the rest, we are not able to put a bottom line on it but one thing is for sure, and that is, Gottlieb knows. That is one thing for sure, because his name appears on just about every one of these documents, and it is, I think, very important to find out what his understanding is of the nature of that. So, we will hear more about that.

Admiral TURNER. I believe Gottlieb has been interviewed by the Congress.

Senator KENNEDY. That's right, he has, and in reviewing the record, it is not very satisfactory, and it just seems with the new information

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

"called to the operation, midnight, and climax."

Senator Kennedy reading a document into the record. This is the only place in the whole of this volume where the three words appear together, and the edition's cover title comes from John Marks's 1979 book, not from here. What the leaf shows is a senator quoting a phrase from an Agency paper he has in front of him; the paper itself is not among the pages reproduced.

French can-can dancers, floral pictures, drapery, including installation of bedroom mirrors, three framed Toulouse Lautrec posters with black silk mats

The decorator's invoice of 30 June 1955, read aloud. The invoice itself is bound into the Subproject 42 folder and is NOT reproduced in this edition: it is a document the Agency did not write. It reaches the reader here, lawfully, because a senator read it into a public record.

Admiral TURNER. No, sir. [General laughter.]

The reporter's note is set in brackets on its own line and is kept where it stands.

the constant reiteration of the use of small sums of cash at irregular intervals

Senator Kennedy's phrase repeats, almost exactly, the memorandum of 17 August 1956 reproduced twice in Part II of this volume: 'paid small sums in cash at irregular intervals'.

Senator KENNEDY. How did you know Dr. Gottlieb?

Mr. GOLDMAN. He had been head of the division when I was recruited.

Senator KENNEDY. Did you talk to him about these programs? Did you have anything to do with him during this period of time?

Mr. GOLDMAN. I didn't have anything to do with him until I would say probably in the sixties.

Senator KENNEDY. And can you tell us what you had to do with him then?

Mr. GOLDMAN. Just what you see there on the papers.

Senator KENNEDY. Well, that is the request for the money and he approves it.

Mr. GOLDMAN. That is the request for money and he approves it, and I am quite sure that I probably discussed with him whether the work was going along all right, whether his reports were being turned in, and whether he was satisfied with the way things were going and did he have any complaints about the way other people were requesting him, but I did not engage myself in anything he was doing.

Senator KENNEDY. Well, did you get the impression that Gottlieb knew what was going on?

Mr. GOLDMAN. I didn't ask.

Senator KENNEDY. But you told him that your impression that what was going on even though you didn't know what was going on, was going on well, I guess? [Laughter.](2)

Mr. GOLDMAN. I told Gottlieb what you saw in there was that the things appeared to be going along all right. I was repeating and parroting back the words that were given to me while I was there.

Senator KENNEDY. What was the money being spent for, do you know?

Mr. GOLDMAN. No; I can't recall that, sir.

Senator KENNEDY. Would you remember if we told you it was red curtains and can-can pictures——

Mr. GOLDMAN. No, sir.

Senator KENNEDY. Floral pictures and the rest.

Mr. GOLDMAN. No, sir.

Senator KENNEDY. Recorders.

Mr. GOLDMAN. No, sir.

Senator KENNEDY. Recorders and two-way mirrors.

Mr. GOLDMAN. Wait, hold on. You're slipping a word in(1) there now.

Senator KENNEDY. But you would have authorized those funds, would you not, since you were the——

Mr. GOLDMAN. Did you say two-way mirrors?

Senator KENNEDY. Yes.

Mr. GOLDMAN. Where?

Senator KENNEDY. In the safe houses.

Mr. GOLDMAN. Where?

Senator KENNEDY. San Francisco.

Mr. GOLDMAN. No.

Senator KENNEDY. How about New York?

Mr. GOLDMAN. Yes.

Senator KENNEDY. You remember now that you approved expenditures for New York?

Textual notes on this leaf (2)

Mr. GOLDMAN. Wait, hold on. You're slipping a word in there now.

The witness stops the questioner on the phrase 'two-way mirrors', which Senator Kennedy has added to a list the witness had been answering.

[Laughter.]

The reporter's note, kept where it stands in the questioner's turn.

Mr. GOLDMAN. Yes.

Senator KENNEDY. What were those expenditures for?

Mr. GOLDMAN. That was a transfer of money over for the use in an apartment in New York(1) by the Bureau of Narcotics. It was for their use.

Senator KENNEDY. Do you have any knowledge of what was going on in the apartment?

Mr. GOLDMAN. No, sir, other than I know that it had been used, according to the information that I have been given, it was used by the Bureau of Narcotics to make meetings with individuals who they were interested in with regard to pushing dope—not pushing dope, but selling narcotics and that sort of thing.

Senator KENNEDY. Well, I am sure you had many responsibilities and it's a long time ago, but the Agency does indicate that you were project monitor for that particular program.

Mr. GOLDMAN. That's correct.

Senator KENNEDY. Your own testimony indicates you went out to review the expenditures of funds to find out whether they were being wisely used, that you came back and talked to the project director, Mr. Gottlieb, to give him a progress report about what was going on out there.

Mr. GOLDMAN. Yes, sir, I did.

Senator KENNEDY. All those things are true, and yet you draw a complete blank in terms of what was the project itself. That's where the record is now.

Mr. GOLDMAN. I did not go out there to review the projects nor did I come back and talk with Mr. Gottlieb and review what I had observed in terms of any projects that they—that is, other parts of the Agency might have in operation there. I simply reported back those things which were told to me by the individual out there who—and I carried them back and they are contained in the report that you have in front of you, word for word, just as it was given to me.

Senator KENNEDY. The report that you examined here is a substantive report on the particular program and project. And I don't think anyone who wasn't familiar with the project—this is a personal evaluation—could write a report on the substance of it without knowing about it. Now, that's mine. Maybe you can't remember and recollect, and that's——

Mr. GOLDMAN. No; everything I put down in there is things that I was told while I was out there, and if there was any ancillary information involved in there I can tell you I just don't remember that. I really don't.

At the time—that was some years ago. At the time—a lot of time has passed since then and I have made quite sure that if I could recollect it at all, I would do it. If you have some papers and you want me to certify whether yes, this is so or that is so, I can do that, but I can't recall it mentally.

Senator KENNEDY. You just certified the principal. There are others up here.

I would like to go to Dr. Gittinger.

Mr. GITTINGER. It's Mr. Gittinger.(2)

Senator KENNEDY. How long did you serve with the Agency?

Textual notes on this leaf (2)

That was a transfer of money over for the use in an apartment in New York by the Bureau of Narcotics. It was for their use.

The project monitor's account of what the New York money was for. The briefing-book sheet for Subproject 3, reproduced two leaves earlier in this part, calls the same arrangement 'the project that started the unwitting testing in New York'.

Mr. GITTINGER. It's Mr. Gittinger.

The witness correcting the title, not the name: he is addressed as 'Dr. Gittinger' and answers that it is 'Mr.'. The speaker tag is set in small capitals and the name inside the sentence in roman, on the same line, and both are kept as set.

And among other things, we decided or I decided that one of the best sources of interrogation techniques would be trying to locate and interview and become involved with experienced police interrogators in the country and experienced people who had real practical knowledge of interrogation. The reason for this is that we had become pretty well convinced after the experience of the brainwashing problems coming out of China, that it was the techniques of the interrogators that were causing the individuals to make confessions and so forth in relationship to this, rather than any kind of drugging and so forth. So we were very much interested in interrogation techniques, and this led to me being introduced to the agent in the west coast, and I began to talk to him in connection with these interrogation techniques.

Senator KENNEDY. OK. Now, that is the agent that ran the tests on the west coast on the unwitting people. That's where you come in, correct?

Mr. GITTINGER. If I understand—would you say that again?

Senator KENNEDY. The name Morgan Hall(1) has been—that is the name that has been used.

Mr. GITTINGER. Yes.

Senator KENNEDY. And that is the agent that you met with.

Mr. GITTINGER. That is right.

Senator KENNEDY. And you met at the safe house.

Mr. GITTINGER. Yes, sir.

Senator KENNEDY. Whom did you meet with in the safe house?

Mr. GITTINGER. This is the part that is hard for me to say, and I am sorry that I have to. In connection with some work that we were doing, we needed to have some information on sexual habits. Morgan Hall provided informants for me to talk to in connection with the sex habits that I was interested in trying to find information. During one period of time the safe house, as far as I was concerned, was used for just these particular type of interviews. And I didn't see the red curtains(2).

Senator KENNEDY. Those were prostitutes, were they?

Mr. GITTINGER. Yes, sir.

Senator KENNEDY. How many different times were you there that you had similar——

Mr. GITTINGER. I couldn't possibly say with any certainty on that. Four or five times.

Senator KENNEDY. Four or five times.

Mr. GITTINGER. Over—you remember now, the period that I'm talking about when I would have any involvement in this is from about 1956 to 1961. So it's about a 4- or 5-year period which is the only time that I know anything about what you are talking about here today.

Senator KENNEDY. Did Morgan Hall make the arrangements for the prostitutes to meet with you?

Mr. GITTINGER. Yes, sir.

Senator KENNEDY. Did the interviews that you had have anything to do with drugs?

Mr. GITTINGER. Well, as I tried to explain earlier when this was being discussed a little bit beforehand, again I think it is pretty hard for most people now to recognize how little there was known about drugs at the period of time that we are talking about, because the

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

The name Morgan Hall has been - that is the name that has been used.

The point at which the alias enters the public record in this hearing. The witness confirms it in the next line, and the briefing-book sheets reproduced earlier in this part attach it to George White.

Morgan Hall provided informants for me to talk to

The witness is a psychologist describing interviews he says he conducted at the safe house. What the leaf establishes is narrow: that he met the agent known as Morgan Hall there, four or five times, between about 1956 and 1961, and that Hall made the arrangements. The note draws no further conclusion.

And I didn't see the red curtains.

The witness's own aside, answering the decorator's invoice read into the record at printed page 48.

drug age or the drug culture comes later on. Consequently, those of us who had any responsibility in this area were interested in trying to get as much information as we could on the subculture, the subculture drug groups, and obviously the Bureau of Narcotics represented a means of doing this. Consequently, other types of things that were involved in discussions at that time would have to do with the underground use of drugs. When I am talking about this I am talking about the folkways in terms of unwitting use of drugs. Did these people that I was talking to have any information about this and on rare instances they were able to tell me about their use, and in most cases this would largely turn out to be a Mickey Finn or something of that sort rather than anything esoteric.

I also was very much interested because we had relatively little information, believe it or not, at that time, in terms of the various reactions that people were having to drugs. Therefore, these people were very informative in terms of they knew a great deal of information about reactions.

Senator KENNEDY. At least you gathered—or am I correct in assuming that you gathered the impression that the prostitutes that you had talked to were able to slip the drugs to people as I understand it. Did you form any impression on that?

Mr. GITTINGER. I certainly did not form the impression that they did this as a rule or——

Senator KENNEDY. But they had the knowledge.

Mr. GITTINGER. They had the knowledge or some of them had had knowledge of this being done. But again, as it turned out, it was largely in this area of knockout drops.

Senator KENNEDY. Looking back now did you form any impression about how the Agency was actually testing the broad spectrum of social classes in these safe houses? With the large disbursal of cash in small quantities, $100 bills and the kinds of elaborate decorations and two-way mirrors in the bedrooms and all the rest, is there any question in your own mind what was going on in the safe houses, or the techniques that were being used to administer these drugs?

Mr. GITTINGER. I find it very difficult to answer that question, sir. I had absolutely no direct knowledge there was a large number of this. I had no knowledge that anyone other(1) than—than Morgan Hall was in any way involved in the unwitting administration of drugs.

Senator KENNEDY. But Gottlieb would know(2), would he not?

Mr. GITTINGER. I believe so, yes, sir.

Senator KENNEDY. Could we go into the Human Ecology Foundation and talk about that and how it was used as an instrument in terms of the support of research?

Mr. GITTINGER. Yes, sir.

Senator KENNEDY. Could you describe it to us? Could you describe the Human Ecology Foundation, how it functioned and how it worked?

Mr. GITTINGER. May I tell something about how it evolved, which I think is important?

Senator KENNEDY. Sure.

Mr. GITTINGER. The Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, so-called, was actually a—I am confused here now as to whether I should name you names.

Textual notes on this leaf (3)

I had no knowledge that anyone other than - than Morgan Hall was in any way involved in the unwitting administration of drugs.

The witness's answer to the direct question, with the stumble the reporter set down. It is the narrowest of the answers given on this subject at the hearing, and it is a statement about his own knowledge, not about what happened.

I certainly did not form the impression that they did this as a rule or

The answer is cut off by the next question; the print marks the break with a two-em dash, which is kept.

Senator KENNEDY. But Gottlieb would know, would he not?

The same conclusion Senator Kennedy reaches at printed page 48 - 'Gottlieb knows ... because his name appears on just about every one of these documents'. Gottlieb's is the one name the folder papers in Part II do not redact.

Senator SCHWEIKER. What was the function or purpose of that section that you headed?

Dr. GOLDMAN. To provide support for the other parts of the division.

Senator SCHWEIKER. Where in the chain of command would that put you in relation to Dr. Gottlieb?

Dr. GOLDMAN. Pretty far down the line.

Senator SCHWEIKER. Mr. Gittinger, I would just like to ask you a few questions. We appreciate your frankness and candor with the committee, and we realize this is a very difficult area to go into. I am not quite clear on two matters that were raised earlier. First, were the safe houses we were talking about here used on occasion by the prostitutes you referred to?

Mr. GITTINGER. I really have not the slightest idea.

Senator SCHWEIKER. Were the prostitutes used in any way to slip the customers drugs for observation purposes?

Mr. GITTINGER. Not to my direct knowledge(1).

Senator SCHWEIKER. Would you have been in a position to know the answer to either of these questions?

Mr. GITTINGER. May I say, probably not, and may I make an aside to explain a little bit of this, please, sir?

Senator SCHWEIKER. Mr. Gittinger, a moment ago you mentioned brainwashing techniques, as one area that you had, I guess, done some work in. How would you characterize the state of the art of brainwashing today? Who has the most expertise in this field, and who is or is not doing it in terms of other governments?

During the Korean war there was a lot of serious discussion about brainwashing techniques being used by the North Koreans, and I am interested in finding out what the state of the art is today, as you see it.

Mr. GITTINGER. Well, of course, there has been a great deal of work on this, and there is still a great deal of controversy. I can tell you that as far as I knew, by 1961, 1962, it was at least proven to my satisfaction that brainwashing, so called, is some kind of an esoteric device where drugs or mind-altering kinds of conditions and so forth were used, did not exist even though "The Manchurian Candidate(2)" as a movie really set us back a long time, because it made something impossible look plausible. Do you follow what I mean ? But by 1962 and 1963, the general idea that we were able to come up with is that brainwashing was largely a process of isolating a human being, keeping him out of contact, putting him under long stress in relationship to interviewing and interrogation, and that they could produce any change that way without having to resort to any kind of esoteric means.

Senator SCHWEIKER. Are there ways that we can ascertain this from a distance when we see a captive prisoner either go on television, in a photograph, or at a press conference? In other words, are there certain signs that you have learned to recognize from your technical background, to tell when brainwashing has occurred? Or is that very difficult to do?

Mr. GITTINGER. It is difficult to do. I think it is posible now in terms of looking at a picture of somebody who has been in enemy hands for a long period of time. We can get some pretty good ideas of what kind of circumstances he has been under, if that is what you mean.

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

Mr. GITTINGER. Not to my direct knowledge.

The answer to Senator Schweiker's second question. The witness adds, to the next question, that he would probably not have been in a position to know.

Dr. GOLDMAN.

PRESERVED as printed. The same witness is 'Mr. GOLDMAN' at printed pages 54 and 55 and 'Dr. GOLDMAN' here; the print is inconsistent and is not regularised.

I think it is posible now in terms of looking at a picture

Kept as written. The misspelling is the Senate print's own.

"The Manchurian Candidate" as a movie really set us back a long time, because it made something impossible look plausible

The witness on the film, in evidence, in 1977. John Marks's 1979 book - the source of the name on this edition's cover - took its title from the same novel.

400

"observe the behavior of unwitting persons being questioned after having been given a drug." 60 There is no evidence that Subproject Number 3 was terminated even though these officers were unequivocally aware of the dangers of the surreptitious administration of LSD and the necessity of obtaining informed consent and providing medical safeguards. Subproject Number 3, in fact, used methods which showed even less concern than did the OLSON experiment for the safety and security of the participants. Yet the evidence indicates the project continued until 1963.61

In the project, the individual conducting the test might make initial contact with a prospective subject selected at random in a bar(2). He would then invite the person to a "safehouse" where the test drug was administered to the subject through drink or in food. CIA personnel might debrief the individual conducting the test, or observe the test by using a one-way mirror and tape recorder in an adjoining room.

Prior consent was obviously not obtained from any of the subjects. There was also, obviously, no medical prescreening. In addition, the tests were conducted by individuals who were not qualified scientific observers. There were no medical personnel on hand either to administer the drugs or to observe their effects, and no follow-up was conducted on the test subjects.

As the Inspector General noted in 1963:

A significant limitation on the effectiveness of such testing is the infeasibility of performing scientific observation of results. The [individuals conducting the test] are not qualified scientific observers. Their subjects are seldom accessible beyond the first hours of the test. The testing may be useful in perfecting delivery techniques, and in identifying surface characteristics of onset, reaction, attribution, and side-effect. 62

This was particularly troublesome as in a

number of instances, . . . the test subject has become ill for hours or days, including hospitalization in at least one case, and the agent could only follow up by guarded inquiry after the test subject's return to normal life. Possible sickness and attendant economic loss are inherent contingent effects of the testing. 63

Paradoxically, greater care seems to have been taken for the safety of foreign nationals against whom LSD was used abroad. In several cases medical examinations were performed prior to the use of LSD. 64

60 Memorandum to Inspector General from Chief, Inspection and Review, on Subproject #3 of MKULTRA, 2/10/54.

61 IG Report on MKULTRA, 1963.

62 Ibid., p. 12.

63 Ibid. According to the IG's survey in 1963, physicians associated with MKULTRA could be made available in an emergency.

64 The Technical Services Division which was responsible for the operational use of LSD abroad took the position that "no physical examination of the subject is required prior to administration of [LSD] by TSS trained personnel. A physi-

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

the individual conducting the test might make initial contact with a prospective subject selected at random in a bar

The Church Committee's 1976 description of Subproject 3, reprinted as an appendix to the 1977 hearing. This edition takes the passage from the hearing rather than from Book I so that it cites one object; the Book I page number, 400, is printed on the leaf.

Memorandum to Inspector General from Chief, Inspection and Review, on Subproject #3 of MKULTRA, 2/10/54.

The source of the quotation the leaf opens with. The 10 February 1954 memorandum is not among the papers reproduced in this edition.

60 61 62 63 64

The footnote reference marks are set as superscripts in the print and are given here as plain numerals in the position they occupy. The OCR layer renders them as stray letters and punctuation; each was read from the image.

This was particularly troublesome as in a

The sentence runs straight into the indented quotation that follows it, which begins 'number of instances'. The two are set as they are set on the leaf - the Committee's own words at the full measure, the quotation indented - and are not joined into a single sentence here.

Order restored. Printed after the testimony because that is where the hearing prints it and when it was written: it answers a question asked at the hearing four months earlier.

THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20505

Office of Legislative Counsel 23 December 1977

Honorable Daniel K. Inouye, Chairman Select Committee on Intelligence United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510

Dear Mr. Chairman:

During Admiral Turner's 3 August 1977 testimony before your Committee and the Senate Human Resources Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research, you asked whether any Agency employees had been terminated because of their participation in MKULTRA Subproject 3. Admiral Turner indicated he did not believe any employee had been terminated, but would have Agency records searched on this question. Our records have been searched and the results confirm the Director's testimony that no such actions were taken(1).

Sincerely, [signed] George L. Cary(2) Legislative Counsel

Textual notes on this leaf (4)

Our records have been searched and the results confirm the Director's testimony that no such actions were taken.

The Legislative Counsel answering, four months later, the one question left open at the hearing: whether any Agency employee had been terminated over Subproject 3. It is the last document in this volume.

[signed] George L. Cary

A full autograph over the typed name and title. The OCR layer breaks on it, returning fragments of the typed line through the ink; the block was read from the image.

Office of Legislative Counsel 23 December 1977

The office and the date are typed on the same line, the office at the left margin and the date at the right; they are given here in reading order, on one line, as the leaf sets them.

Honorable Daniel K. Inouye, Chairman Select Committee on Intelligence United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510

The inside address is typed on four lines and is run together here, as the other memoranda in this edition run their address blocks together.